TY - JOUR
T1 - Wide-Area GNSS Corrections for Precise Positioning and Navigation in Agriculture
AU - Hernández-Pajares, Manuel
AU - Olivares-Pulido, Germán
AU - Graffigna, Victoria
AU - García-Rigo, Alberto
AU - Lyu, Haixia
AU - Roma-Dollase, David
AU - de Lacy, M.C.
AU - Fernández-Prades, Carles
AU - Arribas, Javier
AU - Majoral, Marc
AU - Tisropoulos, Zizis
AU - Stamatelopoulos, Panagiotis
AU - Symeonidou, Machi
AU - Schmidt, Michael
AU - Goss, Andreas
AU - Erdogan, Eren
AU - van Evert, Frits K.
AU - Blok, Pieter M.
AU - Grosso, Juan
AU - Spaltro, Emiliano
AU - Domínguez, Jacobo
AU - López, Esther
AU - Hriscu, Alina
PY - 2022/8/9
Y1 - 2022/8/9
N2 - This paper characterizes, with static and roving GNSS receivers in the context of precision agriculture research, the hybrid ionospheric-geodetic GNSS model Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK), which computes and broadcasts real-time corrections for high-precision GNSS positioning and navigation within sparse GNSS receiver networks. This research is motivated by the potential benefits of the low-cost precise WARTK technique on mass-market applications such as precision agriculture. The results from two experiments summarized in this work, the second one involving a working spraying tractor, show, firstly, that the corrections from the model are in good agreement with the corrections provided by IGS (International GNSS Services) analysis centers computed in post-processing from global GNSS data. Moreover, secondly and most importantly, we have shown that WARTK provides navigation solutions at decimeter-level accuracy, and the ionospheric corrections significantly reduce the computational time for ambiguity estimation: up to convergence times for the 50%, 75% and 95% of cases equal or below 30 s (single-epoch), 150 s and 600 s approximately, vs. 1000 s, 2750 s and 4850 s without ionospheric corrections, everything for a roving receiver at more than 100 km far away from the nearest permanent receiver. The real-time horizontal position errors reach up to 3 cm, 5 cm and 12 cm for 50%, 75% and 95% of cases, respectively, by constraining and continuously updating the ambiguities without updating the permanent receiver coordinates, vs. the 6 cm, 12 cm and 32 cm, respectively, in the same conditions but without WARTK ionospheric corrections.
AB - This paper characterizes, with static and roving GNSS receivers in the context of precision agriculture research, the hybrid ionospheric-geodetic GNSS model Wide-Area Real-Time Kinematics (WARTK), which computes and broadcasts real-time corrections for high-precision GNSS positioning and navigation within sparse GNSS receiver networks. This research is motivated by the potential benefits of the low-cost precise WARTK technique on mass-market applications such as precision agriculture. The results from two experiments summarized in this work, the second one involving a working spraying tractor, show, firstly, that the corrections from the model are in good agreement with the corrections provided by IGS (International GNSS Services) analysis centers computed in post-processing from global GNSS data. Moreover, secondly and most importantly, we have shown that WARTK provides navigation solutions at decimeter-level accuracy, and the ionospheric corrections significantly reduce the computational time for ambiguity estimation: up to convergence times for the 50%, 75% and 95% of cases equal or below 30 s (single-epoch), 150 s and 600 s approximately, vs. 1000 s, 2750 s and 4850 s without ionospheric corrections, everything for a roving receiver at more than 100 km far away from the nearest permanent receiver. The real-time horizontal position errors reach up to 3 cm, 5 cm and 12 cm for 50%, 75% and 95% of cases, respectively, by constraining and continuously updating the ambiguities without updating the permanent receiver coordinates, vs. the 6 cm, 12 cm and 32 cm, respectively, in the same conditions but without WARTK ionospheric corrections.
KW - precise agriculture
KW - precise GNSS navigation
KW - real-time ionospheric electron content corrections
U2 - 10.3390/rs14163845
DO - 10.3390/rs14163845
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85137798451
SN - 2072-4292
VL - 14
JO - Remote Sensing
JF - Remote Sensing
IS - 16
M1 - 3845
ER -