Vertical farming in Europe: Present status and outlook

In Europe, plant factories are typically referred to as vertical or indoor farms. Vertical farming is a young, dynamic, and ever-changing sector. The number of vertical farms in Europe is still relatively small, but the sector is increasing rapidly. In this chapter, an overview is given of the different types of vertical farms found in Europe, i.e., PFALs (plant factory with artificial light), container farms, in-store farms, and appliance farms. The entrepreneurial landscape is described. This description not only includes companies growing the crops but also companies supplying the technology. Many of the European vertical farming companies are listed, including well-established and start-up companies. The potential, and risks, of vertical farming are discussed in the European context. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.