TY - JOUR
T1 - Validation of a standard field test method in four countries to assess the toxicity of residues in dung of cattle treated with veterinary medical products
AU - Floate, Kevin D.
AU - Düring, Rolf Alexander
AU - Hanafi, Jamal
AU - Jud, Priska
AU - Lahr, Joost
AU - Lumaret, Jean Pierre
AU - Scheffczyk, Adam
AU - Tixier, Thomas
AU - Wohde, Manuel
AU - Römbke, Jörg
AU - Sautot, Lucille
AU - Blanckenhorn, Wolf U.
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Registration of veterinary medical products includes the provision that field tests may be required to assess potential nontarget effects associated with the excretion of product residues in dung of treated livestock (phase II, tier B testing). However, regulatory agencies provide no guidance on the format of these tests. In the present study, the authors report on the development of a standardized field test method designed to serve as a tier B test. Dung was collected from cattle before and up to 2 mo after treatment with a topical application of a test compound (ivermectin). Pats formed of dung from the different treatments were placed concurrently in the field to be colonized by insects. The abundance, richness, and diversity of insects developing from egg to adult in these pats were compared across treatments using analysis of variance tests. Regression analyses were used to regress abundance, richness, and diversity against residue concentrations in each treatment. Results of the regression were used to estimate mean lethal concentration (LC50) values. The robustness of the method and the repeatability of its findings were assessed concurrently in 4 countries (Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) in climatically diverse ecoregions. Results were generally consistent across countries, and support the method's formal adoption by the European Union to assess the effects of veterinary medical product residues on the composition and diversity of insects in dung of treated livestock.
AB - Registration of veterinary medical products includes the provision that field tests may be required to assess potential nontarget effects associated with the excretion of product residues in dung of treated livestock (phase II, tier B testing). However, regulatory agencies provide no guidance on the format of these tests. In the present study, the authors report on the development of a standardized field test method designed to serve as a tier B test. Dung was collected from cattle before and up to 2 mo after treatment with a topical application of a test compound (ivermectin). Pats formed of dung from the different treatments were placed concurrently in the field to be colonized by insects. The abundance, richness, and diversity of insects developing from egg to adult in these pats were compared across treatments using analysis of variance tests. Regression analyses were used to regress abundance, richness, and diversity against residue concentrations in each treatment. Results of the regression were used to estimate mean lethal concentration (LC50) values. The robustness of the method and the repeatability of its findings were assessed concurrently in 4 countries (Canada, France, Switzerland, and The Netherlands) in climatically diverse ecoregions. Results were generally consistent across countries, and support the method's formal adoption by the European Union to assess the effects of veterinary medical product residues on the composition and diversity of insects in dung of treated livestock.
KW - Biodiversity
KW - Dung beetles
KW - Ecotoxicology
KW - Flies
KW - Ivermectin
U2 - 10.1002/etc.3154
DO - 10.1002/etc.3154
M3 - Article
C2 - 26174741
AN - SCOPUS:84964699884
SN - 0730-7268
VL - 35
SP - 1934
EP - 1946
JO - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
IS - 8
ER -