TY - JOUR
T1 - Tree regeneration in models of forest dynamics – Suitability to assess climate change impacts on European forests
AU - König, Louis A.
AU - Mohren, Frits
AU - Schelhaas, Mart Jan
AU - Bugmann, Harald
AU - Nabuurs, Gert Jan
N1 - Funding Information:
LK was funded by the PE&RC Graduate Programme of the Graduate School for Production Ecology & Resource Conservation (PE&RC) of Wageningen University. This project benefitted from funding received from the Knowledge Base programmes of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Security, in particular the project “1-3D-2 Closing the technocycle & circular household”. The authors thank the numerous model developers for their supportiveness and openness regarding technical model details and the provisioning of additional source material.
Funding Information:
LK was funded by the PE&RC Graduate Programme of the Graduate School for Production Ecology & Resource Conservation (PE&RC) of Wageningen University . This project benefitted from funding received from the Knowledge Base programmes of the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Security, in particular the project “1-3D-2 Closing the technocycle & circular household”. The authors thank the numerous model developers for their supportiveness and openness regarding technical model details and the provisioning of additional source material.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/9/15
Y1 - 2022/9/15
N2 - Climate change impacts on Europe's forests are becoming visible much sooner than previously anticipated. The increase in natural disturbances leads to tree mortality and raises concerns about the forest's adaptive potential to sustain vital ecosystem services. In this context, the regeneration phase is crucial and comprises the largest potential to adapt to new environmental conditions with long lasting implications. Yet, forest regeneration is particularly susceptible to climatic changes due to the many directly climate-dependent processes, such as seed production and germination but also seedling and sapling development. Models of forest dynamics (MFDs) are essential to describe, understand and predict the effects of changing environmental and management factors on forest dynamics and subsequently on associated ecosystem services. We review a large variety of MFDs with regard to their representation and climate sensitivity of regeneration processes. Starting with a description of the underlying biological processes, we evaluate the various approaches taking into account specific model purposes, and provide recommendations for future developments. We distinguish between models based on ecological principles and models based on empirical relationships. We found an ample mix of regeneration modelling approaches tailored to different model purposes. We conclude that current approaches should be refined to adequately capture altered regeneration trends. Specifically, refinement is needed for MFDs that rely on ecological principals, as they suffer from knowledge gaps and underrepresented processes, thereby limiting their ability to accurately simulate forest regeneration under climate change. Global vegetation models are strongly constrained by their weak representation of vegetation structure and composition, and need to include more detail regarding structural complexity and functional diversity. Models focused on timber yield often rely on strong assumptions regarding the abundance and composition of the next tree generation, which may no longer hold true with changes in climate and forest management. With the increased utilization of natural regeneration as a source of forest renewal, more dynamic representations of tree regeneration are needed. Our review highlights the necessity to increase the data basis to close knowledge gaps and to enable the adequate incorporation and parameterization of the involved processes. This would allow to capture altered regeneration patterns and subsequent effects on forest structure, composition and, ultimately, forest functioning under climate change.
AB - Climate change impacts on Europe's forests are becoming visible much sooner than previously anticipated. The increase in natural disturbances leads to tree mortality and raises concerns about the forest's adaptive potential to sustain vital ecosystem services. In this context, the regeneration phase is crucial and comprises the largest potential to adapt to new environmental conditions with long lasting implications. Yet, forest regeneration is particularly susceptible to climatic changes due to the many directly climate-dependent processes, such as seed production and germination but also seedling and sapling development. Models of forest dynamics (MFDs) are essential to describe, understand and predict the effects of changing environmental and management factors on forest dynamics and subsequently on associated ecosystem services. We review a large variety of MFDs with regard to their representation and climate sensitivity of regeneration processes. Starting with a description of the underlying biological processes, we evaluate the various approaches taking into account specific model purposes, and provide recommendations for future developments. We distinguish between models based on ecological principles and models based on empirical relationships. We found an ample mix of regeneration modelling approaches tailored to different model purposes. We conclude that current approaches should be refined to adequately capture altered regeneration trends. Specifically, refinement is needed for MFDs that rely on ecological principals, as they suffer from knowledge gaps and underrepresented processes, thereby limiting their ability to accurately simulate forest regeneration under climate change. Global vegetation models are strongly constrained by their weak representation of vegetation structure and composition, and need to include more detail regarding structural complexity and functional diversity. Models focused on timber yield often rely on strong assumptions regarding the abundance and composition of the next tree generation, which may no longer hold true with changes in climate and forest management. With the increased utilization of natural regeneration as a source of forest renewal, more dynamic representations of tree regeneration are needed. Our review highlights the necessity to increase the data basis to close knowledge gaps and to enable the adequate incorporation and parameterization of the involved processes. This would allow to capture altered regeneration patterns and subsequent effects on forest structure, composition and, ultimately, forest functioning under climate change.
KW - Dynamic forest modelling
KW - Forest regeneration
KW - Ingrowth
KW - Recruitment
U2 - 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120390
DO - 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120390
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85133418566
SN - 0378-1127
VL - 520
JO - Forest Ecology and Management
JF - Forest Ecology and Management
M1 - 120390
ER -