Projects per year
Abstract
We report on the advantages and problems of using toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models for the analysis, understanding, and simulation of sublethal effects. Only a few toxicodynamic approaches for sublethal effects are available. These differ in their effect mechanism and emphasis on linkages between endpoints. We discuss how the distinction between quantal and graded endpoints and the type of linkage between endpoints can guide model design and selection. Strengths and limitations of two main approaches and possible ways forward are outlined
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2519-2524 |
Journal | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
Volume | 30 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2011 |
Keywords
- time-varying concentrations
- biology-based approach
- gammarus-pulex
- daphnia-magna
- population-dynamics
- organic-chemicals
- mixture toxicity
- pulsed exposure
- binary-mixtures
- hyalella-azteca
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Projects
- 1 Finished
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CREAM: Mechanistic Effect Models for the Ecological Risk Assessment of Chemicals
1/09/09 → 31/07/14
Project: EU research project