The impact of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in patients with cancer: emerging themes

Purpose of review This review summarizes recent literature falling broadly under the topic of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the oncology setting, highlighting emerging themes and emphasizing novel explorations.Recent findings Meta-analyses continue to confirm safety and efficacy of n-3 PUFA supplementation on reducing inflammation and improving survival in people with cancer.Common themes in recent studies emphasize improving tumor-directed efficacy and reducing toxicities of common cancer therapies.New areas of interest include the impact of n-3 PUFA when combined with immunotherapies and applications in pediatric acute lymphoid leukemia.Novel assessments include specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, the intestinal microbiome and psychological well being.A variety of clinically relevant outcomes including nutritional status, toxicities and survival are being explored in ongoing clinical studies.Summary Evidence confirms the safety of n-3 PUFA for patients with cancers, as well as benefits in some, but not all areas of exploration.Larger, well designed trials with biological assessment of compliance compared to the prescribed n-3 PUFA dose would strengthen the evidence needed to integrate n-3 PUFA recommendations into clinical practice for patients with cancer.