Abstract
Background: Energy-yielding liquids elicit weak suppressive appetite responses and weak compensatory responses, suggesting that liquid calories might lead to a positive energy balance. However, data is often derived from foods differing in many characteristics other than viscosity.
Objective: To investigate the effect of viscosity on ad libitum food intake in real-life setting and to investigate whether a difference in ad libitum intake is related to eating rate and/or eating effort.
Design: In real-life setting 108 nonrestrained subjects (267 years, BMI 22.72.4 kg m-2) received a chocolate flavored liquid, semi-liquid and semi-solid milk-based product, similar in palatability, macronutrient composition and energy density. In laboratory setting 49 nonrestrained subjects (246 years, BMI 22.22.3 kg m-2) received the liquid or semi-solid product. Effort and eating rate were controlled by means of a peristaltic pump.
Results: In real-life setting the intake of the liquid (809396 g) was respectively 14 and 30% higher compared to the semi-liquid (699391 g) and semi-solid product (566311 g; P
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 676-683 |
| Journal | International Journal of Obesity |
| Volume | 32 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2008 |
Keywords
- sugar-sweetened beverages
- body-weight
- physical state
- human-milk
- satiety
- humans
- consumption
- ratings
- liquid
- hunger
