Telecoupled landscapes for nature inclusive transitions: Conceptual framing and methods

The Dutch landscape is highly connected with other (inter)national landscapes, implying that considering telecoupling is foundational for nature inclusive transitions in the Netherlands. Our review demonstrated that there are multiple framings of telecoupling, with a development from structural to actor based and governance approaches. Each of the identified approaches uses different angles, such as systems impact, flow focused or intervention impact. To effectively use the concept of telecoupling, it is important to further develop and connect to scholarship such as power, equity, transformative change and environmental justice, which is currently lacking. This also includes different perspectives and knowledge often overlooked in systems approaches (e.g. local knowledge) and the learning across methodologies (e.g. Social learning, ethnography)