TY - JOUR
T1 - Stress and sexual reproduction affect the dynamics of the wheat pathogen effector AvrStb6 and strobilurin resistance
AU - Kema, Gerrit H.J.
AU - Mirzadi Gohari, Amir
AU - Aouini, Lamia
AU - Gibriel, Hesham A.Y.
AU - Ware, Sarah B.
AU - van Den Bosch, Frank
AU - Manning-Smith, Robbie
AU - Alonso-Chavez, Vasthi
AU - Helps, Joe
AU - Ben M’Barek, Sarrah
AU - Mehrabi, Rahim
AU - Diaz-Trujillo, Caucasella
AU - Zamani, Elham
AU - Schouten, Henk J.
AU - van der Lee, Theo A.J.
AU - Waalwijk, Cees
AU - de Waard, Maarten A.
AU - de Wit, Pierre J.G.M.
AU - Verstappen, Els C.P.
AU - Thomma, Bart P.H.J.
AU - Meijer, Harold J.G.
AU - Seidl, Michael F.
PY - 2018/4
Y1 - 2018/4
N2 - Host resistance and fungicide treatments are cornerstones of plant-disease control. Here, we show that these treatments allow sex and modulate parenthood in the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We demonstrate that the Z. tritici–wheat interaction complies with the gene-for-gene model by identifying the effector AvrStb6, which is recognized by the wheat resistance protein Stb6. Recognition triggers host resistance, thus implying removal of avirulent strains from pathogen populations. However, Z. tritici crosses on wheat show that sex occurs even with an avirulent parent, and avirulence alleles are thereby retained in subsequent populations. Crossing fungicide-sensitive and fungicide-resistant isolates under fungicide pressure results in a rapid increase in resistance-allele frequency. Isolates under selection always act as male donors, and thus disease control modulates parenthood. Modeling these observations for agricultural and natural environments reveals extended durability of host resistance and rapid emergence of fungicide resistance. Therefore, fungal sex has major implications for disease control.
AB - Host resistance and fungicide treatments are cornerstones of plant-disease control. Here, we show that these treatments allow sex and modulate parenthood in the fungal wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. We demonstrate that the Z. tritici–wheat interaction complies with the gene-for-gene model by identifying the effector AvrStb6, which is recognized by the wheat resistance protein Stb6. Recognition triggers host resistance, thus implying removal of avirulent strains from pathogen populations. However, Z. tritici crosses on wheat show that sex occurs even with an avirulent parent, and avirulence alleles are thereby retained in subsequent populations. Crossing fungicide-sensitive and fungicide-resistant isolates under fungicide pressure results in a rapid increase in resistance-allele frequency. Isolates under selection always act as male donors, and thus disease control modulates parenthood. Modeling these observations for agricultural and natural environments reveals extended durability of host resistance and rapid emergence of fungicide resistance. Therefore, fungal sex has major implications for disease control.
U2 - 10.1038/s41588-018-0052-9
DO - 10.1038/s41588-018-0052-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85041907335
SN - 1061-4036
VL - 50
SP - 375
EP - 380
JO - Nature Genetics
JF - Nature Genetics
ER -