Site suitability analysis of indigenous rainwater harvesting systems in arid and data-poor environments: a case study of Sana’a Basin, Yemen

Abstract: Indigenous rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a promising tool for increasing water availability and conserving groundwater in arid environments. This study aimed to develop a multicriteria analysis (MCA) framework to identify and rank suitable sites for different indigenous RWH systems in data-poor areas taking Sana’a Basin, Yemen, as a case study. Unlike previous research, this study focused only on indigenous RWH systems and, for the first time, considered the site suitability analysis of spate irrigation systems. Five biophysical and six socioeconomic criteria were used to select, prioritize, and map suitable zones for indigenous RWH systems. This study, the first to be conducted in Yemen, found that more than 30% of the case area has a high or very high level of suitability for each of the studied RWH systems. Only 11% to 17% of the area is not suitable for RWH due to socioeconomic activities. Twenty-four percent of the area was considered moderately suitable, and 28% had a low level of suitability for RWH. These results are promising, and the preliminary identification process of suitable areas for indigenous RWH systems is a useful guide for future water resource and land management programs. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].