Abstract
A detailed study was performed of the fracture behavior of toasted rusk rolls, a cellular solid food, at different water activities and morphologies. We find that the energies of the emitted sound pulses follow Gutenberg-Richter power laws with characteristic exponents b~1.5. The scaling exponents varied only within a range of 0.2 when the method of fracture, humidity, or morphology was changed. However, differences in b were observed, indicating nonuniversal behavior, that seems to be related to morphology and water activity. Also, power law scaling behavior was observed for the waiting time distributions with an exponent a~1.9.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 036116 |
Journal | Physical Review. E, Statistical nonlinear, and soft matter physics |
Volume | 77 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2008 |
Keywords
- self-organized criticality
- acoustic-emission
- dynamic fracture
- crackling noise
- model
- precursors
- paper
- dry