Satellite Sanitary Systems in Kampala, Uganda

Satellite sewage collection and treatment systems have been independently developed and managed in East African cities outside the centrally planned and sewered areas. A satellite approach is a promising provisioning option parallel to public sewerage for middle- and high-income residential areas, endowed institutions, and government facilities. Although the studied satellite systems offer localized solutions that fit the situation of Kampala, better treatment and management arrangements are needed. Such arrangements do not readily conform to centralized or decentralized sanitation paradigms and likely require flexible mixtures of the two into modernized mixtures. In the case of Kampala, such mixtures entail regulation and control by centralized agencies, development and management by decentralized satellite providers, hybrid treatment process, and separation of waste(water) flows