Principles of interactions in non-aqueous electrolyte solutions

In this paper a review is presented on the molecular interactions in non-aqueous media of low dielectric permittivity. Qualitative and quantitative distinctions with aqueous solutions are emphasized. The reviewed themes include dispersion forces, dissociation and association equilibria, discrimination between electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions, ionic specificity, conductivity, electrokinetics and colloid interaction. Distinctions between so-called primitive and non-primitive interpretations and between individual and collective behavior are discussed; in these respects the colloid stability phenomena behave differently from the corresponding ones in aqueous solvents. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.