Abstract
We studied dry stony habitats with metalliferous soils (with various amounts of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni,
Pb, Zn) at low to moderate altitudes in 22 localities in northern Greece using 193 original phytosociological relevés
with vascular species composition, species abundance and topographical data. Soil samples were collected in 86 plots
and analysed for acidity, heavy metal content and other parameters. The aims of the study were to classify the relevés,
describe the plant communities, assign species and communities to syntaxa, relate environment, distribution and species
composition, and to compare the relative importance of soil metal content and the other environmental variables
for species composition. We found 16 vegetation clusters and assigned them to 12 associations and corresponding
plant communities. Each community is defi ned with respect to species composition and richness, ecology and distribution.
The range of communities is heterogeneous and comprises 8 vegetation alliances belonging to the orders
Alysso alyssoidis-Sedetalia, Astragalo-Potentilletalia, Hyparrhenio-Brachypodietalia ramosi, Sedo
-Scleranthetalia, Thero-Brometalia and Tuberarietalia guttati. Two alliances and fi ve associations are
described as new syntaxa, and several more syntaxa, including some orders, have not been recorded from Greece
and the southern Balkans before. Soil acidity and, secondly, the degree of substrate consolidation and vegetation
development were identifi ed as most important environmental factors explaining the chief fl oristic gradients in the
data set. Heavy metal content turned out to be of secondary explanatory value, relevant in partial data sets of acidic
base-poor soils or calcareous/ultramafi c soils. Most species found on metalliferous soils are therefore facultative
metallophytes, while obligate metallophytes are few and characteristic of ophiolithic substrates (serpentinophytes).
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 411-438 |
Journal | Phytocoenologia |
Volume | 39 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2009 |
Keywords
- heavy-metals
- serpentine soils
- vegetation
- grassland
- ecology
- germany
- sites
- rich