Multi-Scale Sustainability Evaluation. A framework for the derivation and quantification of indicators for natural resource management systems

Keywords: optimization, multiple goal linear programming, technical coefficient generator, systems approach, peasant agriculture, trade-offs

The use of indicators for sustainability evaluation has been recognized as an important step towardsoperationalizationof the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development . In the context of Natural Resource Management Systems (NRMS), one of the main methodological challenges, whichisthe objective of this thesis, is the development of a methodological framework for sustainability evaluation via indicators at different scales of analysis (e.g. farm household and region).

In this thesis, the methodological development and application of a framework for multi-scale sustainability evaluation of NRMS are presented.The frameworkoffers a structured and coherent set of guidelines, developed from an interdisciplinary and systemic perspective, to select, quantify, assess and integrate case-specific indicators derived from short and long term environmental, economic and social concerns (objectives, aspirations) of stakeholders.

The analysis of key issues related to the sustainability of NRMS at different scales in the Cercle de Koutiala in the South of Maliillustrates theapplication of the framework for derivation and quantification of indicators for sustainability evaluation at farm household, Arrondissement and Cercle scale. By means of quantitative system analysis tools (e.g. simulation and linear programming models, technical coefficient generator), the framework provides insight in the potentials and limitations of alternatives for NRMS designed at different scales (e.g. policy measures or technological innovations) and the trade-offs between indicators relevant for different stakeholders. The framework explores biophysical opportunities and limitations, rather than predicting behaviour of actors.

The multi-scale sustainability evaluation framework can reveal tensions between objectives across and within scales. Indicatorsretain their explicit meaning, which allows their use in support ofa transparent and open dialogue among stakeholders,from their own perspective and in the light of their own aspirations;which is an indispensable step in the initiation of collaborative efforts in the design and implementation of alternatives at different scales for more sustainable NRMS