More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

Valentina Parma; Kathrin Ohla; Maria G. Veldhuizen; Masha Y. Niv; Christine E. Kelly; Alyssa J. Bakke; Keiland W. Cooper; Cédric Bouysset; Nicola Pirastu; Michele Dibattista; Rishemjit Kaur; Marco Tullio Liuzza; Marta Y. Pepino; Veronika Schöpf; Veronica Pereda-Loth; Shannon B. Olsson; Richard C. Gerkin; Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez; Javier Albayay; Michael C. Farruggia; Surabhi Bhutani; Alexander W. Fjaeldstad; Ritesh Kumar; Anna Menini; Moustafa Bensafi; Mari Sandell; Iordanis Konstantinidis; Antonella Di Pizio; Federica Genovese; Lina Öztürk; Thierry Thomas-Danguin; Johannes Frasnelli; Sanne Boesveldt; Özlem Saatci; Luis R. Saraiva; Cailu Lin; Jérôme Golebiowski; Liang Dar Hwang; Mehmet Hakan Ozdener; Maria Dolors Guàrdia; Christophe Laudamiel; Marina Ritchie; Jan Havlícek; Denis Pierron; Eugeni Roura; Marta Navarro; Alissa A. Nolden; Juyun Lim; Katherine L. Whitcroft; Lauren R. Colquitt; J.E. Hayes III

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjaa041

More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

Valentina Parma, Kathrin Ohla, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Masha Y. Niv, Christine E. Kelly, Alyssa J. Bakke, Keiland W. Cooper, Cédric Bouysset, Nicola Pirastu, Michele Dibattista, Rishemjit Kaur, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Marta Y. Pepino, Veronika Schöpf, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Shannon B. Olsson, Richard C. Gerkin, Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez, Javier Albayay, Michael C. FarruggiaSurabhi Bhutani, Alexander W. Fjaeldstad, Ritesh Kumar, Anna Menini, Moustafa Bensafi, Mari Sandell, Iordanis Konstantinidis, Antonella Di Pizio, Federica Genovese, Lina Öztürk, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Johannes Frasnelli, Sanne Boesveldt, Özlem Saatci, Luis R. Saraiva, Cailu Lin, Jérôme Golebiowski, Liang Dar Hwang, Mehmet Hakan Ozdener, Maria Dolors Guàrdia, Christophe Laudamiel, Marina Ritchie, Jan Havlícek, Denis Pierron, Eugeni Roura, Marta Navarro, Alissa A. Nolden, Juyun Lim, Katherine L. Whitcroft, Lauren R. Colquitt, J.E. Hayes III^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

351 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	609-622
Number of pages	14
Journal	Chemical Senses
Volume	45
Issue number	7
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041
Publication status	Published - 9 Oct 2020

Keywords

head and neck surgery
olfaction
somatosensation

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10.1093/chemse/bjaa041Licence: CC BY-NC

https://edepot.wur.nl/533795Licence: CC BY-NC

351 Citations
1 Comment/Letter to the editor

Corrigendum to: More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis
Parma, V., Ohla, K., Veldhuizen, M. G., Niv, M. Y., Kelly, C. E., Bakke, A. J., Cooper, K. W., Bouysset, C., Pirastu, N., Dibattista, M., Kaur, R., Liuzza, M. T., Pepino, M. Y., Schöpf, V., Pereda-Loth, V., Olsson, S. B., Gerkin, R. C., Rohlfs Domínguez, P., Albayay, J. & Farruggia, M. C. & 102 others, Bhutani, S., Fjaeldstad, A. W., Kumar, R., Menini, A., Bensafi, M., Sandell, M., Konstantinidis, I., Di Pizio, A., Genovese, F., Öztürk, L., Thomas-Danguin, T., Frasnelli, J., Boesveldt, S., Saatci, Ö., Saraiva, L. R., Lin, C., Golebiowski, J., Hwang, L. D., Ozdener, M. H., Guàrdia, M. D., Laudamiel, C., Ritchie, M., Havlícek, J., Pierron, D., Roura, E., Navarro, M., Nolden, A. A., Lim, J., Whitcroft, K. L., Colquitt, L. R., Ferdenzi, C., Brindha, E. V., Altundag, A., Macchi, A., Nunez-Parra, A., Patel, Z. M., Fiorucci, S., Philpott, C. M., Smith, B. C., Lundström, J. N., Mucignat, C., Parker, J. K., Van Den Brink, M., Schmuker, M., Fischmeister, F. P. S., Heinbockel, T., Shields, V. D. C., Faraji, F., Santamaría, E., Fredborg, W. E. A., Morini, G., Olofsson, J. K., Jalessi, M., Karni, N., D'Errico, A., Alizadeh, R., Pellegrino, R., Meyer, P., Huart, C., Chen, B., Soler, G. M., Alwashahi, M. K., Welge-Lüssen, A., Freiherr, J., De Groot, J. H. B., Klein, H., Okamoto, M., Singh, P. B., Hsieh, J. W., Abdulrahman, O., Dalton, P., Yan, C. H., Voznessenskaya, V. V., Chen, J., Sell, E. A., Walsh-Messinger, J., Archer, N. S., Koyama, S., Deary, V., Roberts, S. C., Yanlk, H., Albayrak, S., Nováková, L. M., Croijmans, I., Mazal, P. P., Moein, S. T., Margulis, E., Mignot, C., Mariño, S., Georgiev, D., Kaushik, P. K., Malnic, B., Wang, H., Seyed-Allaei, S., Yoluk, N., Razzaghi-Asl, S., Justice, J. M., Restrepo, D., Reed, D. R., Hummel, T., Munger, S. D. & Hayes, J. E., 8 Dec 2021, In: Chemical Senses. 46, bjab050.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Comment/Letter to the editor › Academic

Open Access

A mouthful of salt for Covid-19 research
Boesveldt, S.
5/11/20 → 6/11/20
2 Media contributions
Press/Media: Research › Professional

Cite this

Parma, V., Ohla, K., Veldhuizen, M. G., Niv, M. Y., Kelly, C. E., Bakke, A. J., Cooper, K. W., Bouysset, C., Pirastu, N., Dibattista, M., Kaur, R., Liuzza, M. T., Pepino, M. Y., Schöpf, V., Pereda-Loth, V., Olsson, S. B., Gerkin, R. C., Rohlfs Domínguez, P., Albayay, J., ... Hayes III, J. E. (2020). More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis. Chemical Senses, 45(7), 609-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041

@article{58d76696036c41b79d91244769668999,

title = "More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis",

abstract = "Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.",

keywords = "head and neck surgery, olfaction, somatosensation",

author = "Valentina Parma and Kathrin Ohla and Veldhuizen, {Maria G.} and Niv, {Masha Y.} and Kelly, {Christine E.} and Bakke, {Alyssa J.} and Cooper, {Keiland W.} and C{\'e}dric Bouysset and Nicola Pirastu and Michele Dibattista and Rishemjit Kaur and Liuzza, {Marco Tullio} and Pepino, {Marta Y.} and Veronika Sch{\"o}pf and Veronica Pereda-Loth and Olsson, {Shannon B.} and Gerkin, {Richard C.} and {Rohlfs Dom{\'i}nguez}, Paloma and Javier Albayay and Farruggia, {Michael C.} and Surabhi Bhutani and Fjaeldstad, {Alexander W.} and Ritesh Kumar and Anna Menini and Moustafa Bensafi and Mari Sandell and Iordanis Konstantinidis and {Di Pizio}, Antonella and Federica Genovese and Lina {\"O}zt{\"u}rk and Thierry Thomas-Danguin and Johannes Frasnelli and Sanne Boesveldt and {\"O}zlem Saatci and Saraiva, {Luis R.} and Cailu Lin and J{\'e}r{\^o}me Golebiowski and Hwang, {Liang Dar} and Ozdener, {Mehmet Hakan} and Gu{\`a}rdia, {Maria Dolors} and Christophe Laudamiel and Marina Ritchie and Jan Havl{\'i}cek and Denis Pierron and Eugeni Roura and Marta Navarro and Nolden, {Alissa A.} and Juyun Lim and Whitcroft, {Katherine L.} and Colquitt, {Lauren R.} and {Hayes III}, J.E.",

year = "2020",

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doi = "10.1093/chemse/bjaa041",

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Parma, V, Ohla, K, Veldhuizen, MG, Niv, MY, Kelly, CE, Bakke, AJ, Cooper, KW, Bouysset, C, Pirastu, N, Dibattista, M, Kaur, R, Liuzza, MT, Pepino, MY, Schöpf, V, Pereda-Loth, V, Olsson, SB, Gerkin, RC, Rohlfs Domínguez, P, Albayay, J, Farruggia, MC, Bhutani, S, Fjaeldstad, AW, Kumar, R, Menini, A, Bensafi, M, Sandell, M, Konstantinidis, I, Di Pizio, A, Genovese, F, Öztürk, L, Thomas-Danguin, T, Frasnelli, J, Boesveldt, S, Saatci, Ö, Saraiva, LR, Lin, C, Golebiowski, J, Hwang, LD, Ozdener, MH, Guàrdia, MD, Laudamiel, C, Ritchie, M, Havlícek, J, Pierron, D, Roura, E, Navarro, M, Nolden, AA, Lim, J, Whitcroft, KL, Colquitt, LR & Hayes III, JE 2020, 'More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis', Chemical Senses, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 609-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041

TY - JOUR

T1 - More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

AU - Parma, Valentina

AU - Ohla, Kathrin

AU - Veldhuizen, Maria G.

AU - Niv, Masha Y.

AU - Kelly, Christine E.

AU - Bakke, Alyssa J.

AU - Cooper, Keiland W.

AU - Bouysset, Cédric

AU - Pirastu, Nicola

AU - Dibattista, Michele

AU - Kaur, Rishemjit

AU - Liuzza, Marco Tullio

AU - Pepino, Marta Y.

AU - Schöpf, Veronika

AU - Pereda-Loth, Veronica

AU - Olsson, Shannon B.

AU - Gerkin, Richard C.

AU - Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma

AU - Albayay, Javier

AU - Farruggia, Michael C.

AU - Bhutani, Surabhi

AU - Fjaeldstad, Alexander W.

AU - Kumar, Ritesh

AU - Menini, Anna

AU - Bensafi, Moustafa

AU - Sandell, Mari

AU - Konstantinidis, Iordanis

AU - Di Pizio, Antonella

AU - Genovese, Federica

AU - Öztürk, Lina

AU - Thomas-Danguin, Thierry

AU - Frasnelli, Johannes

AU - Boesveldt, Sanne

AU - Saatci, Özlem

AU - Saraiva, Luis R.

AU - Lin, Cailu

AU - Golebiowski, Jérôme

AU - Hwang, Liang Dar

AU - Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan

AU - Guàrdia, Maria Dolors

AU - Laudamiel, Christophe

AU - Ritchie, Marina

AU - Havlícek, Jan

AU - Pierron, Denis

AU - Roura, Eugeni

AU - Navarro, Marta

AU - Nolden, Alissa A.

AU - Lim, Juyun

AU - Whitcroft, Katherine L.

AU - Colquitt, Lauren R.

AU - Hayes III, J.E.

PY - 2020/10/9

Y1 - 2020/10/9

N2 - Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

AB - Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

KW - head and neck surgery

KW - olfaction

KW - somatosensation

U2 - 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041

DO - 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041

M3 - Article

C2 - 32564071

AN - SCOPUS:85092628123

SN - 0379-864X

VL - 45

SP - 609

EP - 622

JO - Chemical Senses

JF - Chemical Senses

IS - 7

ER -

More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

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Corrigendum to: More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

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A mouthful of salt for Covid-19 research

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