Minor differences in body condition and immune status between avian influenza virus-infected and noninfected mallards: a sign of coevolution?

Agriculture & Biology

• Anas platyrhynchos 81%
• Influenza A virus 75%
• coevolution 75%
• body condition 65%
• viral shedding 23%
• haptoglobins 21%
• infection 20%
• antibodies 15%
• complement 9%
• autumn 8%
• oropharynx 8%
• acute phase proteins 7%
• cloaca 7%
• heterophils 7%
• birds 6%
• wild birds 6%
• isotopes 5%
• wildlife 5%
• hydrogen 5%
• lymphocytes 4%
• viruses 3%
• gender 3%
• pathogens 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• avian influenza 100%
• body condition 91%
• coevolution 85%
• virus 66%
• infection 31%
• antibody 20%
• body mass 16%
• bird 12%
• autumn 8%
• hydrogen isotope 5%
• fitness 4%
• defense 4%
• pathogen 4%
• wildlife 4%
• stable isotope 4%
• protein 3%
• index 2%
• analysis 1%
• effect 1%