Landscape in the round – towards a circular rural-urban agenda

Going beyond the traditional nature based solutions, this paper claims that a landscape-based planning approach should be introduced, solving regional planning problems by emphasising the spatial dimension, the specific time horizon considered and the interaction of all sectoral considerations of both the urban and rural landscapes. This would allow a circular landscape to develop, revitalising the liveability of the countryside, adapting to and structurally counteracting climate change and biodiversity decrease. Thus, a landscape based planning approach to regional spatial policy challenges should allow a transition to a rural-urban space resilient to various external pressures.