Iodine Treatment in Children with Subclinical Hypothyroidism Due to Chronic Iodine Deficiency Decreases Thyrotropin and C-Peptide Concentrations and Improves the Lipid Profile

Background: Chronic iodine deficiency (ID) increases thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations and produces a thyroid hormone pattern consistent with subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH). ScH may be associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Thus, the study aim was to determine if iodine treatment of children with elevated TSH concentrations due to ID would affect their lipid profile, insulin (C-peptide) levels, and/or subclinical inflammation. Methods: In controlled intervention trials of oral iodized oil or iodized salt, 5–14-year-old children from Morocco, Albania, and South Africa with TSH concentrations =2.5mU/L (n=262) received 400mg iodine as oral iodized oil or household distribution of iodized salt containing 25µg iodine/g salt. At baseline and after 5 or 6 months, urinary iodine (UI) and blood concentrations of total thyroxine, TSH, C-reactive protein (CRP), C-peptide, and lipids were measured. Results: Median (range) UI at baseline was 46 (2–601) µg/L. Compared to the control group, iodine treatment significantly increased UI and total thyroxine and decreased TSH, C-peptide, and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The mean low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio fell from 3.3 to 2.4 after iodine treatment (p