Intermodality and synchromodality

Transport networks have evolved from multimodal networks towards integrated networks allowing for intermodal transport – the carriage of a single load unit by consecutive modes in a transport chain. Synchromodality (or synchronized intermodality) – as the next stage in port/hinterland network development – can be briefly summarized as the vision of a network of well-synchronized and interconnected transport modes, which together cater for the aggregate transport demand and can dynamically adapt to the individual and instantaneous needs of network users. The objective of the chapter is to introduce the idea of Synchromodality. We discuss the current position and evolution of intermodal hinterland transport systems. Next, we describe the main elements of a synchronized intermodal transport system and the innovations that are necessary to arrive at synchromodal transport systems. We further describe the barriers for future development including technological, economical and institutional aspects.