Heavy metals emissions from joss paper burning rituals and the air quality around a specific incinerator

Burning joss paper is a traditional and long-term historical custom in Oriental countries. However, joss paper contains a lot of toxic components [1], which can be released into the environment during the burning stage [2,3] and caused health risk [4]. The objective of this study is to assess the heavy metals in bottom ash and dust fume by using a burning chamber in the laboratory; thereby, it also assesses the ambient air from the incinerator - a case study at Thien Hau pagoda, District 5, HCM city. The initial result showed that there is a significant amount of heavy metals in the dust fume and bottom ash in order Al<Fe<Mn<Cu<Pb<Zn<Cd. The result of analyzing metal contents in ash samples from T1 to T4 showed that all is higher than Vietnam Standard (QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils [5]) with 236.21ppm Cu, 4.93ppm Cd, and 128ppm Pb. Moreover, the results of assessing the ambient air quality at a pagoda indicated that the incinerator (S3) was the source with the highest of dust concentration and had a significant impact on air quality to the location around.