Health Effects of Increasing Protein Intake Above the Current Population Reference Intake in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Health Council of the Netherlands

Linda M. Hengeveld*, Janette de Goede, Lydia A. Afman, Stephan J.L. Bakker, Joline W.J. Beulens, Ellen E. Blaak, Eric Boersma, Johanna M. Geleijnse, Johannes B. Van Goudoever, Maria T.E. Hopman, Jolein A. Iestra, Stef P.J. Kremers, Ronald P. Mensink, Nicole M. De Roos, Coen D.A. Stehouwer, Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman, Emely de Vet, Marjolein Visser

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

15 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Whether older adults need more protein than younger adults is debated. The population reference intake for adults set by the European Food Safety Authority is 0.83 g/kg body weight (BW)/d based primarily on nitrogen balance studies, but the underlying data on health outcomes are outdated. An expert committee of the Health Council of the Netherlands conducted a systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of increased protein intake on health outcomes in older adults from the general population with an average habitual protein intake ≥0.8 g/(kg BW · d). Exposures were the following: 1) extra protein compared with no protein and 2) extra protein and physical exercise compared with physical exercise. Outcomes included lean body mass, muscle strength, physical performance, bone health, blood pressure, serum glucose and insulin, serum lipids, kidney function, and cognition. Data of >1300 subjects from 18 RCTs were used. Risk of bias was judged as high (n = 9) or “some concerns” (n = 9). In 7 of 18 RCTs, increased protein intake beneficially affected ≥1 of the tested outcome measures of lean body mass. For muscle strength, this applied to 3 of 8 RCTs in the context of physical exercise and in 1 of 7 RCTs without physical exercise. For the other outcomes, <30% (0–29%) of RCTs showed a statistically significant effect. The committee concluded that increased protein intake has a possible beneficial effect on lean body mass and, when combined with physical exercise, muscle strength; likely no effect on muscle strength when not combined with physical exercise, or on physical performance and bone health; an ambiguous effect on serum lipids; and that too few RCTs were available to allow for conclusions on the other outcomes. This SR provides insufficiently convincing data that increasing protein in older adults with a protein intake ≥0.8 g/(kg BW · d) elicits health benefits.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbernmab140
Pages (from-to)1083-1117
JournalAdvances in Nutrition
Volume13
Issue number4
Early online date23 Nov 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2022

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Health Effects of Increasing Protein Intake Above the Current Population Reference Intake in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Health Council of the Netherlands'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this