Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

Luis Cruz; J.P. Fernandes; M.H. Kirkeby; S. Martínez-Fernández; June Sallou; Hina Anwar; E.B. Roque; J. Bogner; J.M.H. Castano; F. Castor; A. Chasmawala; Simão Cunha; D. Feitosa; A. Gonzalez; A. Jedlitschka; P. Lago; H. Muccini; A. Oprescu; P. Rani; J. Saraiva; F. Sarro; R. Selvan; K. Vaidhyanathan; R. Verdecchia; I.P. Yamshchikov

doi:10.48550/arXiv.2506.01774

Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

Luis Cruz, J.P. Fernandes, M.H. Kirkeby, S. Martínez-Fernández, June Sallou, Hina Anwar, E.B. Roque, J. Bogner, J.M.H. Castano, F. Castor, A. Chasmawala, Simão Cunha, D. Feitosa, A. Gonzalez, A. Jedlitschka, P. Lago, H. Muccini, A. Oprescu, P. Rani, J. SaraivaF. Sarro, R. Selvan, K. Vaidhyanathan, R. Verdecchia, I.P. Yamshchikov

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Abstract

The environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems is increasing rapidly, and software engineering plays a critical role in developing sustainable solutions. The "Greening AI with Software Engineering" CECAM-Lorentz workshop (no. 1358, 2025) funded by the Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire and the Lorentz Center, provided an interdisciplinary forum for 29 participants, from practitioners to academics, to share knowledge, ideas, practices, and current results dedicated to advancing green software and AI research. The workshop was held February 3-7, 2025, in Lausanne, Switzerland. Through keynotes, flash talks, and collaborative discussions, participants identified and prioritized key challenges for the field. These included energy assessment and standardization, benchmarking practices, sustainability-aware architectures, runtime adaptation, empirical methodologies, and education. This report presents a research agenda emerging from the workshop, outlining open research directions and practical recommendations to guide the development of environmentally sustainable AI-enabled systems rooted in software engineering principles.

Original language	English
Publisher	arXiv
Number of pages	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.01774
Publication status	Published - 3 Jun 2025

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Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices
Cruz, L., Fernandes, J. P., Kirkeby, M. H., Martínez-Fernández, S., Sallou, J., Anwar, H., Barba Roque, E., Bogner, J., Castaño, J., Castor, F., Chasmawala, A., Cunha, S., Feitosa, D., González, A., Jedlitschka, A., Lago, P., Muccini, H., Oprescu, A., Rani, P. & Saraiva, J. & 5 others, Sarro, F., Selvan, R., Vaidhyanathan, K., Verdecchia, R. & Yamshchikov, I. P., 19 Jul 2025, In: ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes. 50, 3, p. 14-23 10 p.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic

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Cruz, L., Fernandes, J. P., Kirkeby, M. H., Martínez-Fernández, S., Sallou, J., Anwar, H., Roque, E. B., Bogner, J., Castano, J. M. H., Castor, F., Chasmawala, A., Cunha, S., Feitosa, D., Gonzalez, A., Jedlitschka, A., Lago, P., Muccini, H., Oprescu, A., Rani, P., ... Yamshchikov, I. P. (2025). Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.01774

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author = "Luis Cruz and J.P. Fernandes and M.H. Kirkeby and S. Mart{\'i}nez-Fern{\'a}ndez and June Sallou and Hina Anwar and E.B. Roque and J. Bogner and J.M.H. Castano and F. Castor and A. Chasmawala and Sim{\~a}o Cunha and D. Feitosa and A. Gonzalez and A. Jedlitschka and P. Lago and H. Muccini and A. Oprescu and P. Rani and J. Saraiva and F. Sarro and R. Selvan and K. Vaidhyanathan and R. Verdecchia and I.P. Yamshchikov",

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Cruz, L, Fernandes, JP, Kirkeby, MH, Martínez-Fernández, S, Sallou, J, Anwar, H, Roque, EB, Bogner, J, Castano, JMH, Castor, F, Chasmawala, A, Cunha, S, Feitosa, D, Gonzalez, A, Jedlitschka, A, Lago, P, Muccini, H, Oprescu, A, Rani, P, Saraiva, J, Sarro, F, Selvan, R, Vaidhyanathan, K, Verdecchia, R & Yamshchikov, IP 2025 'Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices' arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.01774

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T1 - Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

AU - Cruz, Luis

AU - Fernandes, J.P.

AU - Kirkeby, M.H.

AU - Martínez-Fernández, S.

AU - Sallou, June

AU - Anwar, Hina

AU - Roque, E.B.

AU - Bogner, J.

AU - Castano, J.M.H.

AU - Castor, F.

AU - Chasmawala, A.

AU - Cunha, Simão

AU - Feitosa, D.

AU - Gonzalez, A.

AU - Jedlitschka, A.

AU - Lago, P.

AU - Muccini, H.

AU - Oprescu, A.

AU - Rani, P.

AU - Saraiva, J.

AU - Sarro, F.

AU - Selvan, R.

AU - Vaidhyanathan, K.

AU - Verdecchia, R.

AU - Yamshchikov, I.P.

PY - 2025/6/3

Y1 - 2025/6/3

N2 - The environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems is increasing rapidly, and software engineering plays a critical role in developing sustainable solutions. The "Greening AI with Software Engineering" CECAM-Lorentz workshop (no. 1358, 2025) funded by the Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire and the Lorentz Center, provided an interdisciplinary forum for 29 participants, from practitioners to academics, to share knowledge, ideas, practices, and current results dedicated to advancing green software and AI research. The workshop was held February 3-7, 2025, in Lausanne, Switzerland. Through keynotes, flash talks, and collaborative discussions, participants identified and prioritized key challenges for the field. These included energy assessment and standardization, benchmarking practices, sustainability-aware architectures, runtime adaptation, empirical methodologies, and education. This report presents a research agenda emerging from the workshop, outlining open research directions and practical recommendations to guide the development of environmentally sustainable AI-enabled systems rooted in software engineering principles.

AB - The environmental impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems is increasing rapidly, and software engineering plays a critical role in developing sustainable solutions. The "Greening AI with Software Engineering" CECAM-Lorentz workshop (no. 1358, 2025) funded by the Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire and the Lorentz Center, provided an interdisciplinary forum for 29 participants, from practitioners to academics, to share knowledge, ideas, practices, and current results dedicated to advancing green software and AI research. The workshop was held February 3-7, 2025, in Lausanne, Switzerland. Through keynotes, flash talks, and collaborative discussions, participants identified and prioritized key challenges for the field. These included energy assessment and standardization, benchmarking practices, sustainability-aware architectures, runtime adaptation, empirical methodologies, and education. This report presents a research agenda emerging from the workshop, outlining open research directions and practical recommendations to guide the development of environmentally sustainable AI-enabled systems rooted in software engineering principles.

U2 - 10.48550/arXiv.2506.01774

DO - 10.48550/arXiv.2506.01774

M3 - Preprint

BT - Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

PB - arXiv

ER -

Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

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Greening AI-enabled Systems with Software Engineering: A Research Agenda for Environmentally Sustainable AI Practices

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