From research to preparedness: A study of zoonotic arboviruses in animals, the Netherlands

Mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) are an emerging threat. Drivers of emergence, such as changes in climate, land use, travel and trade result in an expansion of geographical range of vectors and virus circulation. The overall objective of this thesis was to provide insight in the epidemiological situation, (response) surveillance options and potential risk of MBVs in animals in the Netherlands, in order to inform future research and surveillance strategies. Seroprevalence studies revealed previously undetected circulation of West Nile virus and Sindbis virus in multiple animal species. An overview of available animal samples for (response) surveillance was created and opportunities and barriers for sharing of these samples were assessed. A mathematical model was used to provide insight in the differences in potential impact of Rift Valley Fever virus in the Netherlands in current and two future scenarios. The thesis highlights the potential approaches for research and surveillance of MBVs in the Netherlands.