TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring in vitro production of colonic microbial metabolites from diverse protein sources using human ileal digesta
AU - van der Wielen, Nikkie
AU - Zhang, Hanlu
AU - Schouten, Pien J.C.
AU - Meulenbroeks, Erik
AU - Stroebinger, Natascha
AU - Hodgkinson, Suzanne M.
AU - Mensink, Marco
AU - Hendriks, Wouter
AU - Capuano, Edoardo
PY - 2025/12/15
Y1 - 2025/12/15
N2 - We explored the relationship between protein fermentation metabolites and ileal digesta composition, using ileal digesta from ileostomates, who ingested nine different protein sources, incubated in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). NH3, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), H2S, tryptophan derivatives, and biogenic amines were measured in proximal and distal colon vessels. The relative changes in most metabolites were positively correlated with their amino acid precursors in ileal digesta. In both colon vessels, the relative change of NH3 was a good predictor for the production of other metabolites. Indole was strongly associated with oxindole, 5-HT, and tryptamine and the sum of Trp metabolites in the distal colon. Per gram ingested protein, zein and whey may produce the highest levels of NH3 and BCFA in the proximal colon and BCFA in the distal colon, whereas whey and pigeon peas may result in the highest levels of H2S.
AB - We explored the relationship between protein fermentation metabolites and ileal digesta composition, using ileal digesta from ileostomates, who ingested nine different protein sources, incubated in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). NH3, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA), H2S, tryptophan derivatives, and biogenic amines were measured in proximal and distal colon vessels. The relative changes in most metabolites were positively correlated with their amino acid precursors in ileal digesta. In both colon vessels, the relative change of NH3 was a good predictor for the production of other metabolites. Indole was strongly associated with oxindole, 5-HT, and tryptamine and the sum of Trp metabolites in the distal colon. Per gram ingested protein, zein and whey may produce the highest levels of NH3 and BCFA in the proximal colon and BCFA in the distal colon, whereas whey and pigeon peas may result in the highest levels of H2S.
KW - Ammonia
KW - Gut microbial metabolites
KW - In vitro models
KW - Protein fermentation
KW - SHIME
KW - Short chain fatty acids
U2 - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146632
DO - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146632
M3 - Article
C2 - 41067012
AN - SCOPUS:105018064058
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 495
JO - Food Chemistry
JF - Food Chemistry
M1 - 146632
ER -