TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating crop response and environmental impact of the accumulation of phosphorus due to long-term manuring of vertisol soil in northern China
AU - Hua, Keke
AU - Zhang, Wenju
AU - Guo, Zhibin
AU - Wang, Daozhong
AU - Oenema, Oene
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - The availability of soil phosphorus (P) is one of the key factors that regulate crop productivity. Fertilization practices with P fertilizers carry a high risk of non-point environmental pollution due to water run-off and leaching. The present work discusses data from a 29-year (1982-2011) fertilization experiment with wheat-soybean rotation. Its aim was to quantify and evaluate the dynamic of soil P availability in relation to P accumulation, crop yield, and environmental safety in northern China. This study included six treatments with four field replicates: CK (no fertilizer), NPK (mineral fertilizers), 1/2SNPK (mineral fertilizers plus 50% wheat straw return), SNPK (mineral fertilizers plus 100% wheat straw return), PMNPK (mineral fertilizers plus pig manure), and CMNPK (mineral fertilizers plus cattle manure). Continual additional application of farmyard manure (i.e., PMNPK and CMNPK) produced significantly (P <0.01) better soil total P and Olsen-P than NPK treatment, and both factors showed increasing trends. However, straw incorporation (i.e., 1/2SNPK and SNPK) had no effect on soil P or Olsen-P. There were significant positive correlations between P budget and increase in Olsen-P and total P. These correlations indicated that, with each 100 kg ha-1 of P budget, there were about 1.0-1.1 and 22.5-26.0 mg kg-1 increases in Olsen-P and total P for the straw incorporation treatments, whereas there were 5.7-5.9 and 26.5-30.8 mg kg-1 increases in Olsen-P and total P for use of manure. Average P activation coefficients for soil Olsen-P in the PMNPK and CMNPK treatments increased sharply by 87.2% and 121.3% compared to the NPK treatment (P <0.01). Two segment regression analyses indicated there to be observable changes in the relationships between Olsen-P and relative crop yield, and in Olsen-P and soluble-P, indicating critical Olsen-P levels of 11 mg kg-1 for crop yield, and 18 mg kg-1 for soluble P, respectively. In conclusion, much more P is available in the soil under long-term farmyard manure than crop straw incorporation when the amount of P accumulation is uniform. Long-term, continuous, excessive use of farmyard manure to increase crop yield is not sustainable and has a high risk of P environmental pollution. The incorporation of crop straw is a recommended means of managing which decreases the risk of P environmental pollution without compromising crop productivity of vertisol soil in northern China.
AB - The availability of soil phosphorus (P) is one of the key factors that regulate crop productivity. Fertilization practices with P fertilizers carry a high risk of non-point environmental pollution due to water run-off and leaching. The present work discusses data from a 29-year (1982-2011) fertilization experiment with wheat-soybean rotation. Its aim was to quantify and evaluate the dynamic of soil P availability in relation to P accumulation, crop yield, and environmental safety in northern China. This study included six treatments with four field replicates: CK (no fertilizer), NPK (mineral fertilizers), 1/2SNPK (mineral fertilizers plus 50% wheat straw return), SNPK (mineral fertilizers plus 100% wheat straw return), PMNPK (mineral fertilizers plus pig manure), and CMNPK (mineral fertilizers plus cattle manure). Continual additional application of farmyard manure (i.e., PMNPK and CMNPK) produced significantly (P <0.01) better soil total P and Olsen-P than NPK treatment, and both factors showed increasing trends. However, straw incorporation (i.e., 1/2SNPK and SNPK) had no effect on soil P or Olsen-P. There were significant positive correlations between P budget and increase in Olsen-P and total P. These correlations indicated that, with each 100 kg ha-1 of P budget, there were about 1.0-1.1 and 22.5-26.0 mg kg-1 increases in Olsen-P and total P for the straw incorporation treatments, whereas there were 5.7-5.9 and 26.5-30.8 mg kg-1 increases in Olsen-P and total P for use of manure. Average P activation coefficients for soil Olsen-P in the PMNPK and CMNPK treatments increased sharply by 87.2% and 121.3% compared to the NPK treatment (P <0.01). Two segment regression analyses indicated there to be observable changes in the relationships between Olsen-P and relative crop yield, and in Olsen-P and soluble-P, indicating critical Olsen-P levels of 11 mg kg-1 for crop yield, and 18 mg kg-1 for soluble P, respectively. In conclusion, much more P is available in the soil under long-term farmyard manure than crop straw incorporation when the amount of P accumulation is uniform. Long-term, continuous, excessive use of farmyard manure to increase crop yield is not sustainable and has a high risk of P environmental pollution. The incorporation of crop straw is a recommended means of managing which decreases the risk of P environmental pollution without compromising crop productivity of vertisol soil in northern China.
KW - Farmyard manure
KW - Long-term fertilization
KW - P environmental pollution
KW - Soil Olsen-P
U2 - 10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.008
DO - 10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.008
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84960455850
SN - 0167-8809
VL - 219
SP - 101
EP - 110
JO - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
JF - Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment
ER -
