Effects of exogenous compound sprays on cherry cracking: skin properties and gene expression

Sofia Correia; Marlene Santos; Sława Glińska; Magdalena Gapińska; Manuela Matos; Valdemar Carnide; Rob Schouten; Ana Paula Silva; Berta Gonçalves

doi:10.1002/jsfa.10318

Effects of exogenous compound sprays on cherry cracking: skin properties and gene expression

Sofia Correia^*, Marlene Santos, Sława Glińska, Magdalena Gapińska, Manuela Matos, Valdemar Carnide, Rob Schouten, Ana Paula Silva, Berta Gonçalves

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

40 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND Cherry fruit cracking is a costly problem for cherry growers. The effect of repeated sprayings (gibberellic acid – GA3; abscisic acid – ABA; salicylic acid – SA; glycine betaine – GB, and Ascophyllum nodosum – AN) combined with CaCl2, on ‘Sweetheart’ cherry fruit‐cracking characteristics was investigated. Cracking was quantified in terms of cracking incidence, crack morphology, confocal scanning laser microscopy, cuticular wax content, cell‐wall modification, and cuticular wax gene expression.RESULTS All spray treatments reduced cracking compared with an untreated control (H2O), with fewer cheek cracks. The least cracking incidence was observed for ABA + CaCl2‐ and GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits, indicating an added benefit compared to spraying with CaCl2 alone. In addition, GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits showed higher fruit diameter. ABA + CaCl2 and GB + CaCl2 sprays showed higher wax content and higher cuticle and epidermal thickness compared with the control, including increased expression of wax synthase (ABA + CaCl2) and expansin 1 (GB + CaCl2). CONCLUSION In general, factors that improve the cuticle thickness appear to be important at the fruit‐coloring stage. At the fruit‐ripening stage, larger cell sizes of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma cells lower cracking incidence, indicating the importance of flexibility and elasticity of the epidermis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2911-2921
Journal	Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
Volume	100
Issue number	7
Early online date	7 Feb 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10318
Publication status	Published - May 2020

Keywords

crack type
cracking index
cuticular waxes
gene expression
Prunus avium L.
sweet cherry

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10.1002/jsfa.10318

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@article{2ee4cbe0bcce41b991d5e5ef3b433d38,

title = "Effects of exogenous compound sprays on cherry cracking: skin properties and gene expression",

abstract = "BACKGROUND Cherry fruit cracking is a costly problem for cherry growers. The effect of repeated sprayings (gibberellic acid – GA3; abscisic acid – ABA; salicylic acid – SA; glycine betaine – GB, and Ascophyllum nodosum – AN) combined with CaCl2, on {\textquoteleft}Sweetheart{\textquoteright} cherry fruit‐cracking characteristics was investigated. Cracking was quantified in terms of cracking incidence, crack morphology, confocal scanning laser microscopy, cuticular wax content, cell‐wall modification, and cuticular wax gene expression.RESULTS All spray treatments reduced cracking compared with an untreated control (H2O), with fewer cheek cracks. The least cracking incidence was observed for ABA + CaCl2‐ and GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits, indicating an added benefit compared to spraying with CaCl2 alone. In addition, GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits showed higher fruit diameter. ABA + CaCl2 and GB + CaCl2 sprays showed higher wax content and higher cuticle and epidermal thickness compared with the control, including increased expression of wax synthase (ABA + CaCl2) and expansin 1 (GB + CaCl2). CONCLUSION In general, factors that improve the cuticle thickness appear to be important at the fruit‐coloring stage. At the fruit‐ripening stage, larger cell sizes of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma cells lower cracking incidence, indicating the importance of flexibility and elasticity of the epidermis. {\textcopyright} 2020 Society of Chemical Industry",

keywords = "crack type, cracking index, cuticular waxes, gene expression, Prunus avium L., sweet cherry",

author = "Sofia Correia and Marlene Santos and S{\l}awa Gli{\'n}ska and Magdalena Gapi{\'n}ska and Manuela Matos and Valdemar Carnide and Rob Schouten and Silva, {Ana Paula} and Berta Gon{\c c}alves",

year = "2020",

month = may,

doi = "10.1002/jsfa.10318",

language = "English",

volume = "100",

pages = "2911--2921",

journal = "Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture",

issn = "0022-5142",

publisher = "Wiley",

number = "7",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Effects of exogenous compound sprays on cherry cracking: skin properties and gene expression

AU - Correia, Sofia

AU - Santos, Marlene

AU - Glińska, Sława

AU - Gapińska, Magdalena

AU - Matos, Manuela

AU - Carnide, Valdemar

AU - Schouten, Rob

AU - Silva, Ana Paula

AU - Gonçalves, Berta

PY - 2020/5

Y1 - 2020/5

N2 - BACKGROUND Cherry fruit cracking is a costly problem for cherry growers. The effect of repeated sprayings (gibberellic acid – GA3; abscisic acid – ABA; salicylic acid – SA; glycine betaine – GB, and Ascophyllum nodosum – AN) combined with CaCl2, on ‘Sweetheart’ cherry fruit‐cracking characteristics was investigated. Cracking was quantified in terms of cracking incidence, crack morphology, confocal scanning laser microscopy, cuticular wax content, cell‐wall modification, and cuticular wax gene expression.RESULTS All spray treatments reduced cracking compared with an untreated control (H2O), with fewer cheek cracks. The least cracking incidence was observed for ABA + CaCl2‐ and GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits, indicating an added benefit compared to spraying with CaCl2 alone. In addition, GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits showed higher fruit diameter. ABA + CaCl2 and GB + CaCl2 sprays showed higher wax content and higher cuticle and epidermal thickness compared with the control, including increased expression of wax synthase (ABA + CaCl2) and expansin 1 (GB + CaCl2). CONCLUSION In general, factors that improve the cuticle thickness appear to be important at the fruit‐coloring stage. At the fruit‐ripening stage, larger cell sizes of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma cells lower cracking incidence, indicating the importance of flexibility and elasticity of the epidermis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

AB - BACKGROUND Cherry fruit cracking is a costly problem for cherry growers. The effect of repeated sprayings (gibberellic acid – GA3; abscisic acid – ABA; salicylic acid – SA; glycine betaine – GB, and Ascophyllum nodosum – AN) combined with CaCl2, on ‘Sweetheart’ cherry fruit‐cracking characteristics was investigated. Cracking was quantified in terms of cracking incidence, crack morphology, confocal scanning laser microscopy, cuticular wax content, cell‐wall modification, and cuticular wax gene expression.RESULTS All spray treatments reduced cracking compared with an untreated control (H2O), with fewer cheek cracks. The least cracking incidence was observed for ABA + CaCl2‐ and GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits, indicating an added benefit compared to spraying with CaCl2 alone. In addition, GB + CaCl2‐treated fruits showed higher fruit diameter. ABA + CaCl2 and GB + CaCl2 sprays showed higher wax content and higher cuticle and epidermal thickness compared with the control, including increased expression of wax synthase (ABA + CaCl2) and expansin 1 (GB + CaCl2). CONCLUSION In general, factors that improve the cuticle thickness appear to be important at the fruit‐coloring stage. At the fruit‐ripening stage, larger cell sizes of the epidermis, hypodermis, and parenchyma cells lower cracking incidence, indicating the importance of flexibility and elasticity of the epidermis. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

KW - crack type

KW - cracking index

KW - cuticular waxes

KW - gene expression

KW - Prunus avium L.

KW - sweet cherry

U2 - 10.1002/jsfa.10318

DO - 10.1002/jsfa.10318

M3 - Article

SN - 0022-5142

VL - 100

SP - 2911

EP - 2921

JO - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

JF - Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

IS - 7

ER -

Effects of exogenous compound sprays on cherry cracking: skin properties and gene expression

Abstract

Keywords

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