TY - JOUR
T1 - Effectiveness of zinc-fortified water on zinc intake, status and morbidity in Kenyan pre-school children
T2 - a randomised controlled trial
AU - Kujinga, Prosper
AU - Galetti, Valeria
AU - Onyango, Elizabeth
AU - Jakab, Viktor
AU - Buerkli, Simone
AU - Andang’o, Pauline
AU - Brouwer, Inge D.
AU - Zimmermann, Michael B.
AU - Moretti, Diego
PY - 2018/10
Y1 - 2018/10
N2 - Objective: Zn deficiency and diarrhoea are prevalent and may coexist in children living in low-resource settings. Recently, a novel approach for delivering Zn via microbiologically treated, Zn-fortified water was shown to be effective in improving Zn status in West African schoolchildren. We assessed the effectiveness of Zn-fortified, microbiologically purified water delivered as a household intervention on Zn intake, status and morbidity in children aged 2–6 years from rural western Kenya. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Intervention included households assigned to water treatment device with (ZFW) or without (FW) Zn delivery capability Setting: Rural households in Kisumu, western Kenya. Subjects: Children aged 2–6 years. Results: The ZFW group had higher dietary Zn intake compared with the FW group. ZFW contributed 36 and 31 % of daily requirements for absorbable Zn in children aged 2–3 and 4–6 years, respectively, in the ZFW group. Consumption of Zn-fortified water resulted in lower prevalence of reported illness (risk ratio; 95 % CI) in the ZFW group compared with the FW group: for cold with runny nose (0·91; 0·83, 0·99; P=0·034) and abdominal pain (0·70; 0·56, 0·89; P=0·003) in the intention-to-treat analysis and for diarrhoea (0·72; 0·53, 0·96; P=0·025) in the per-protocol analysis. We did not detect an effect of treatment on plasma Zn concentration. Conclusions: Daily consumption of Zn-fortified, microbiologically treated water results in increased intake of absorbable dietary Zn and may help in preventing childhood infections in pre-school children in rural Africa.
AB - Objective: Zn deficiency and diarrhoea are prevalent and may coexist in children living in low-resource settings. Recently, a novel approach for delivering Zn via microbiologically treated, Zn-fortified water was shown to be effective in improving Zn status in West African schoolchildren. We assessed the effectiveness of Zn-fortified, microbiologically purified water delivered as a household intervention on Zn intake, status and morbidity in children aged 2–6 years from rural western Kenya. Design: Randomised controlled trial. Intervention included households assigned to water treatment device with (ZFW) or without (FW) Zn delivery capability Setting: Rural households in Kisumu, western Kenya. Subjects: Children aged 2–6 years. Results: The ZFW group had higher dietary Zn intake compared with the FW group. ZFW contributed 36 and 31 % of daily requirements for absorbable Zn in children aged 2–3 and 4–6 years, respectively, in the ZFW group. Consumption of Zn-fortified water resulted in lower prevalence of reported illness (risk ratio; 95 % CI) in the ZFW group compared with the FW group: for cold with runny nose (0·91; 0·83, 0·99; P=0·034) and abdominal pain (0·70; 0·56, 0·89; P=0·003) in the intention-to-treat analysis and for diarrhoea (0·72; 0·53, 0·96; P=0·025) in the per-protocol analysis. We did not detect an effect of treatment on plasma Zn concentration. Conclusions: Daily consumption of Zn-fortified, microbiologically treated water results in increased intake of absorbable dietary Zn and may help in preventing childhood infections in pre-school children in rural Africa.
KW - Morbidity
KW - Plasma zinc concentration
KW - Pre-school children
KW - Water fortification
KW - Zinc
U2 - 10.1017/S1368980018001441
DO - 10.1017/S1368980018001441
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85048093704
SN - 1368-9800
VL - 21
SP - 2855
EP - 2865
JO - Public Health Nutrition
JF - Public Health Nutrition
IS - 15
ER -
