TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota
T2 - a randomized clinical trial
AU - García-Gavilán, Jesús F.
AU - Atzeni, Alessandro
AU - Babio, Nancy
AU - Liang, Liming
AU - Belzer, Clara
AU - Vioque, Jesús
AU - Corella, Dolores
AU - Fitó, Montserrat
AU - Vidal, Josep
AU - Moreno-Indias, Isabel
AU - Torres-Collado, Laura
AU - Coltell, Oscar
AU - Toledo, Estefanía
AU - Clish, Clary
AU - Hernando, Javier
AU - Yun, Huan
AU - Hernández-Cacho, Adrián
AU - Jeanfavre, Sarah
AU - Dennis, Courtney
AU - Gómez-Pérez, Ana M.
AU - Martínez, Maria Angeles
AU - Ruiz-Canela, Miguel
AU - Tinahones, Francisco J.
AU - Hu, Frank B.
AU - Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Background: The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the presence of beneficial gut microbes and related metabolites. However, its impact on the fecal metabolome remains poorly understood. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the weight-loss effects of a 1-y lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet coupled with physical activity (intervention group), compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), on fecal metabolites, fecal microbiota, and their potential association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: A total of 400 participants (200 from each study group), aged 55–75 y, and at high cardiovascular disease risk, were included. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1 y of follow-up. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to profile endogenous fecal metabolites, and 16S amplicon sequencing was employed to profile the fecal microbiota. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited greater weight loss and improvement in various cardiovascular disease risk factors. We identified intervention effects on 4 stool metabolites and subnetworks primarily composed of bile acids, ceramides, and sphingosines, fatty acids, carnitines, nucleotides, and metabolites of purine and the Krebs cycle. Some of these were associated with changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, we observed a reduction in the abundance of the genera Eubacterium hallii group and Dorea, and an increase in alpha diversity in the intervention group after 1 y of follow-up. Changes in the intervention-related microbiota profiles were also associated with alterations in different fecal metabolite subnetworks and some cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: An intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity promotion, compared with an ad libitum MedDiet, was associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, potentially through modulation of the fecal microbiota and metabolome. This trial was registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN89898870 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870).
AB - Background: The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the presence of beneficial gut microbes and related metabolites. However, its impact on the fecal metabolome remains poorly understood. Objectives: Our goal was to investigate the weight-loss effects of a 1-y lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet coupled with physical activity (intervention group), compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), on fecal metabolites, fecal microbiota, and their potential association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: A total of 400 participants (200 from each study group), aged 55–75 y, and at high cardiovascular disease risk, were included. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1 y of follow-up. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to profile endogenous fecal metabolites, and 16S amplicon sequencing was employed to profile the fecal microbiota. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited greater weight loss and improvement in various cardiovascular disease risk factors. We identified intervention effects on 4 stool metabolites and subnetworks primarily composed of bile acids, ceramides, and sphingosines, fatty acids, carnitines, nucleotides, and metabolites of purine and the Krebs cycle. Some of these were associated with changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, we observed a reduction in the abundance of the genera Eubacterium hallii group and Dorea, and an increase in alpha diversity in the intervention group after 1 y of follow-up. Changes in the intervention-related microbiota profiles were also associated with alterations in different fecal metabolite subnetworks and some cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusions: An intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity promotion, compared with an ad libitum MedDiet, was associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, potentially through modulation of the fecal microbiota and metabolome. This trial was registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN89898870 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870).
KW - cardiovascular disease risk factor
KW - fecal metabolome
KW - fecal microbiota
KW - lifestyle intervention
KW - Mediterranean diet
KW - metabolic syndrome
U2 - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021
DO - 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021
M3 - Article
C2 - 38428742
AN - SCOPUS:85187986580
SN - 0002-9165
VL - 119
SP - 1143
EP - 1154
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
IS - 5
ER -
