Ecological aspects for application of genetically modified mosquitoes

The idea of using genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) to reduce vector-borne diseases is founded on the notion that genetic constructs that will render mosquitoes incapable of pathogen transmission can be driven into vector populations. Conceptually, this is an exciting and novel approach to improving public health. However, because the consequences of releasing genetically modified insects into the natural environment could be significant, utilization of GMM for disease control deserves thoughtful evaluation. For example, it can be argued that the evolutionary forces that shape natural ecosystems may produce unexpected outcomes when confronted with GMM. The question has been raised whether the outcomes for natural ecosystems and public health of releasing GMM are sufficiently well understood to predict results with some degree of certainty. It is generally agreed that a significantly elevated understanding of the ecological underpinnings of disease control by GMM will improve the prospects for its successful and safe application