Do stakeholder groups influence environmental management system development in the Dutch agri-food sector?

This paper presents the results of a survey that included 492 companies in the Dutch agri-food sector with respect to the influence of stakeholder groups on the companies' level of environmental management system (EMS) implementation. It is concluded that primary stakeholders (government, clients) are more relevant for EMS development than secondary stakeholders (such as environmental organizations). The results suggest that small and medium-sized companies are able to accommodate to demands with respect to the implementation of internally oriented care systems (I-EMSs). I-EMSs focus at the single firm or location. In general, they are predominantly influenced by governmental and other non-commercial stakeholder groups. For the implementation of externally oriented EMSs (E-EMSs), which focus on the supply chain and network, qualitative rather than quantitative relationship characteristics between companies and the government are important. Moreover, commercial stakeholder groups (such as suppliers, clients and competitors) influence E-EMS levels significantly