Abstract
Background: Despite the established relation between energy restriction (ER) and metabolic health, the most beneficial nutrient composition of a weight-loss diet is still a subject of debate. Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the additional effects of nutrient quality on top of ER. Methods: A parallel-designed, 12-week 25% ER dietary intervention study was conducted (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02194504). Participants aged 40-70 years with abdominal obesity were randomized over 3 groups: a 25% ER high-nutrient-quality diet (n = 40); a 25% ER low-nutrient-quality diet (n = 40); or a habitual diet (n = 30). Both ER diets were nutritionally adequate, and the high-nutrient-quality ER diet was enriched in MUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, fiber, and plant protein and reduced in fructose. Before and after the intervention, intrahepatic lipids, body fat distribution, fasting and postprandial responses to a mixed-meal shake challenge test of cardiometabolic risk factors, lipoproteins, vascular measurements, and adipose tissue transcriptome were assessed. Results: The high-nutrient-quality ER diet (-8.4 ± 3.2) induced 2.1 kg more weight loss (P = 0.007) than the low-nutrient-quality ER diet (-6.3 ± 3.9), reduced fasting serum total cholesterol (P = 0.014) and plasma triglycerides (P < 0.001), promoted an antiatherogenic lipoprotein profile, and induced a more pronounced decrease in adipose tissue gene expression of energy metabolism pathways than the low-quality ER diet. Explorative analyses showed that the difference in weight loss between the two ER diets was specifically present in insulin-sensitive subjects (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.5), in whom the high-nutrient-quality diet induced 3.9 kg more weight loss than the low-nutrient-quality diet. Conclusions: A high-nutrient-quality 25% ER diet is more beneficial for cardiometabolic health than a low-nutrient-quality 25% ER diet. Overweight, insulin-sensitive subjects may benefit more from a high- than a low-nutrient-quality ER diet with respect to weight loss, due to potential attenuation of glucose-induced lipid synthesis in adipose tissue.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 132-150 |
Number of pages | 19 |
Journal | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
Volume | 116 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jul 2022 |
Keywords
- adipose tissue
- clinical trial
- dietary intervention
- insulin resistance
- mixed-meal challenge
- nutrigenomics
- precision nutrition
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Diverging metabolic effects of two energy restricted diets differing in nutrient quality: a 12-week randomized controlled trial in subjects with abdominal obesity
Schutte, S. (Creator), Esser, D. (Creator), Siebelink, E. (Creator), Michielsen, C. J. R. (Creator), Daanje, M. (Creator), Matualatupauw, J. C. (Creator), Boshuizen, H. C. (Creator), Mensink, M. (Creator) & Afman, L. A. (Creator), Wageningen University & Research, 23 Feb 2022
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE197285
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