Abstract
Plant parasitism has arisen time and again in multiple phyla, including bacteria, fungi, insects and nematodes. In most of these organismal groups, the overwhelming diversity hampers a robust reconstruction of the origins and diversification patterns of this trophic lifestyle. Being a moderately diversified phylum with ≈ 4,100 plant parasites (15% of total biodiversity) subdivided over four independent lineages, nematodes constitute a major organismal group for which the genesis of plant parasitism could be mapped. Since substantial crop losses worldwide have been attributed to less than 1% of these plant parasites, research efforts are severely biased towards this minority. With the first molecular characterisation of numerous basal and supposedly harmless plant parasites as well as their non-parasitic relatives, we were able to generate a comprehensive molecular framework that allows for the reconstruction of trophic diversification for a complete phylum. In each lineage plant parasites reside in a single taxonomic grouping (family or order), and by taking the coverage of the next lower taxonomic level as a measure for representation, 50, 67, 100 and 85% of the known diversity was included. We revealed distinct gain and loss patterns with regard to plant parasitism per se as well as host exploitation strategies between these lineages. Our map of parasitic nematode biodiversity also revealed an unanticipated time reversal in which the two most ancient lineages showed the lowest level of ecological diversification and vice versa.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | e0185445 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | PLoS ONE |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2017 |
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Disparate gain and loss of parasitic abilities among nematode lineages. / Holterman, Martijn; Karegar, Akbar; Mooijman, Paul; van Megen, Hanny; van den Elsen, Sven; Vervoort, M.T.W.; Quist, Casper W.; Karssen, Gerrit; Decraemer, Wilfrida; Opperman, Charles H.; Bird, David M.; Kammenga, Jan; Goverse, Aska; Smant, Geert; Helder, Hans.
In: PLoS ONE, Vol. 12, No. 9, e0185445, 2017.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Disparate gain and loss of parasitic abilities among nematode lineages
AU - Holterman, Martijn
AU - Karegar, Akbar
AU - Mooijman, Paul
AU - van Megen, Hanny
AU - van den Elsen, Sven
AU - Vervoort, M.T.W.
AU - Quist, Casper W.
AU - Karssen, Gerrit
AU - Decraemer, Wilfrida
AU - Opperman, Charles H.
AU - Bird, David M.
AU - Kammenga, Jan
AU - Goverse, Aska
AU - Smant, Geert
AU - Helder, Hans
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Plant parasitism has arisen time and again in multiple phyla, including bacteria, fungi, insects and nematodes. In most of these organismal groups, the overwhelming diversity hampers a robust reconstruction of the origins and diversification patterns of this trophic lifestyle. Being a moderately diversified phylum with ≈ 4,100 plant parasites (15% of total biodiversity) subdivided over four independent lineages, nematodes constitute a major organismal group for which the genesis of plant parasitism could be mapped. Since substantial crop losses worldwide have been attributed to less than 1% of these plant parasites, research efforts are severely biased towards this minority. With the first molecular characterisation of numerous basal and supposedly harmless plant parasites as well as their non-parasitic relatives, we were able to generate a comprehensive molecular framework that allows for the reconstruction of trophic diversification for a complete phylum. In each lineage plant parasites reside in a single taxonomic grouping (family or order), and by taking the coverage of the next lower taxonomic level as a measure for representation, 50, 67, 100 and 85% of the known diversity was included. We revealed distinct gain and loss patterns with regard to plant parasitism per se as well as host exploitation strategies between these lineages. Our map of parasitic nematode biodiversity also revealed an unanticipated time reversal in which the two most ancient lineages showed the lowest level of ecological diversification and vice versa.
AB - Plant parasitism has arisen time and again in multiple phyla, including bacteria, fungi, insects and nematodes. In most of these organismal groups, the overwhelming diversity hampers a robust reconstruction of the origins and diversification patterns of this trophic lifestyle. Being a moderately diversified phylum with ≈ 4,100 plant parasites (15% of total biodiversity) subdivided over four independent lineages, nematodes constitute a major organismal group for which the genesis of plant parasitism could be mapped. Since substantial crop losses worldwide have been attributed to less than 1% of these plant parasites, research efforts are severely biased towards this minority. With the first molecular characterisation of numerous basal and supposedly harmless plant parasites as well as their non-parasitic relatives, we were able to generate a comprehensive molecular framework that allows for the reconstruction of trophic diversification for a complete phylum. In each lineage plant parasites reside in a single taxonomic grouping (family or order), and by taking the coverage of the next lower taxonomic level as a measure for representation, 50, 67, 100 and 85% of the known diversity was included. We revealed distinct gain and loss patterns with regard to plant parasitism per se as well as host exploitation strategies between these lineages. Our map of parasitic nematode biodiversity also revealed an unanticipated time reversal in which the two most ancient lineages showed the lowest level of ecological diversification and vice versa.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0185445
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0185445
M3 - Article
VL - 12
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
SN - 1932-6203
IS - 9
M1 - e0185445
ER -