Dealing with the global challenges of salinization: Drivers, challenges and solutions

The increasing salinity levels in water and soil have emerged as critical global challenges, needing a context-specific solutions. Salinisation, characterised by salt accumulation, demands an integrated approach that incorporates the causes, sources of salts, the extent of salinisation and socio-economic context. To tackle this problem, the Saline Water & Food Systems (SW&FS) Partnership was established with the aim of bringing stakeholders together. The partnership has initiated a worldwide campaign on salinity, seeking to raise awareness, formulate a shared agenda, and stimulate actions in the water and food sectors. In this context an infographic was created and a background document containing more in-depth information. First, past knowledge was examined to facilitate the development of an integrated approach to address the current salinity challenges. Then, case studies were used to research the current challenges, impacts, and solutions. These case studies from diverse regions (Bangladesh, Argentina, Bahrein, Egypt, Aral Sea, Pakistan,) highlight the multifaceted impacts of salinity and propose region-specific solutions, including alternative freshwater sources, efficient irrigation, desalination, and drainage management. However, full realization of the effectiveness of these solutions in combating salinity remains incomplete, given the increased salinization resulting from climate change. It is crucial to adopt a comprehensive and balanced approach that integrates prevention and adaptation strategies while acknowledging the complexity of salinity challenges. Integrated approaches such as the Food Systems Approach and Integrated Water Resources Management can provide frameworks for managing water resources and ensuring sustainable food systems. Robust water management, policy interventions, and measures to mitigate climate change are essential for safeguarding food security, livelihoods, and ecosystems from salinity challenges. By drawing upon knowledge and experiences from the past, a holistic approach can be pursued to sustainably address current salinity challenges.