Copper-Free Click Biofunctionalization of Silicon Nitride Surfaces via Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Reactions

R.K. Manova, S.P. Pujari, C.A.G.M. Weijers, H. Zuilhof, T.A. van Beek

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

50 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cu-free "click" chemistry is explored on silicon nitride (Si3N4) surfaces as an effective way for oriented immobilization of biomolecules. An omega-unsaturated ester was grafted onto Si3N4 using UV irradiation. Hydrolysis followed by carbodiimide-mediated activation yielded surface-bound active succinimidyl and pentafluorophenyl ester groups. These reactive surfaces were employed for the attachment of bicyclononyne with an amine spacer, which subsequently enabled room temperature strain-promoted azide alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC). This stepwise approach was characterized by means of static water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. The surface-bound SPAAC reaction was studied with both a fluorine-tagged azide and an azide-linked lactose, yielding hydrophobic and bioactive surfaces for which the presence of trace amounts of Cu ions would have been problematic. Additionally, patterning of the Si3N4 surface using this metal-free click reaction with a fluorescent azide is shown. These results demonstrate the ability of the SPAAC as a generic tool for anchoring complex molecules onto a surface under extremely mild, namely ambient and metal-free, conditions in a clean and relatively fast manner.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8651-8663
JournalLangmuir
Volume28
Issue number23
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2012

Keywords

  • self-assembled monolayers
  • terminated monolayers
  • organic monolayers
  • one-step
  • functionalization
  • chemistry
  • films
  • immobilization
  • microarrays
  • dna

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