TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparing saliva and urine samples for measuring breast milk intake with the 2H oxide dose-to-mother technique among children 2–4 months old
AU - Matsiko, Eric
AU - Hulshof, Paul J.M.
AU - Van Der Velde, Laura
AU - Kenkhuis, Marlou Floor
AU - Tuyisenge, Lisine
AU - Melse-Boonstra, Alida
PY - 2020/1/28
Y1 - 2020/1/28
N2 - Saliva and urine are the two main body fluids sampled when breastmilk intake is measured with the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. However, these two body fluids may generate different estimates of breastmilk intake due to differences in isotope enrichment. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the estimated amount of breastmilk intake differs when based on saliva and urine samples and to explore whether the total energy expenditure of the mothers is related to breastmilk output. We used a convenience sample of 13 pairs of mothers and babies aged 2 to 4 months, who were exclusively breastfed and apparently healthy. To assess breastmilk intake, we administered doubly labelled water to the mothers, and collected saliva samples from them, while simultaneously collecting both saliva and urine from their babies over a 14-day period. IRMS was used to analyze the samples for deuterium and oxygen-18 enrichments. Mean breastmilk intake based on saliva samples was significantly higher than that based on urine samples (854.5g/day vs. 812.8g/day, p=0.029). This can be attributed to slightly higher isotope enrichments in saliva and to a poorer model fit for urine samples as indicated by a higher square root of the mean square error (14.6 vs. 10.4 mg/kg, p=0.001). Maternal energy expenditure was not correlated with breastmilk output. Our study suggests that saliva sampling generates slightly higher estimates of breastmilk intake and is more precise as compared to urine and that maternal energy expenditure does not influence breastmilk output
AB - Saliva and urine are the two main body fluids sampled when breastmilk intake is measured with the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. However, these two body fluids may generate different estimates of breastmilk intake due to differences in isotope enrichment. Therefore, we aimed to assess how the estimated amount of breastmilk intake differs when based on saliva and urine samples and to explore whether the total energy expenditure of the mothers is related to breastmilk output. We used a convenience sample of 13 pairs of mothers and babies aged 2 to 4 months, who were exclusively breastfed and apparently healthy. To assess breastmilk intake, we administered doubly labelled water to the mothers, and collected saliva samples from them, while simultaneously collecting both saliva and urine from their babies over a 14-day period. IRMS was used to analyze the samples for deuterium and oxygen-18 enrichments. Mean breastmilk intake based on saliva samples was significantly higher than that based on urine samples (854.5g/day vs. 812.8g/day, p=0.029). This can be attributed to slightly higher isotope enrichments in saliva and to a poorer model fit for urine samples as indicated by a higher square root of the mean square error (14.6 vs. 10.4 mg/kg, p=0.001). Maternal energy expenditure was not correlated with breastmilk output. Our study suggests that saliva sampling generates slightly higher estimates of breastmilk intake and is more precise as compared to urine and that maternal energy expenditure does not influence breastmilk output
KW - Breastmilk intake
KW - Deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique
KW - Doubly labelled water
KW - Maternal energy expenditure
KW - Saliva and urine samples
U2 - 10.1017/S0007114519002642
DO - 10.1017/S0007114519002642
M3 - Article
C2 - 31623693
AN - SCOPUS:85073869820
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 123
SP - 232
EP - 240
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 2
M1 - 1900264
ER -