Block Rate Pricing of Water in Indonesia : An Analysis of Welfare Effects

J. Rouwendal, P. Rietveld, B. Zwart

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

60 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Block rate pricing of piped water in Indonesian cities has a progressive structure: the marginal price paid increases with the volume of demand. This paper estimates household water demand in Salatiga city using the Burtless and Hausman model, and finds that its distribution is not unimodal—that data cluster around kinks. The main estimation results are a price elasticity of approximately –1.2 and an income elasticity of 0.05. These elasticities are mutually dependent. The estimated model is used to investigate the social welfare consequences of a shift to uniform pricing. The principal beneficiaries would be large households, which are not necessarily wealthy. While replacing the complex rate structure by a uniform marginal price would have positive effects on average welfare, the equity consequences would be small. To improve equity, water companies could reduce installation fees, giving low-income households access to water connections, or reinvest profits in network expansion to unserviced areas.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)73-92
JournalBulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies
Volume36
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2000

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