Ancient genetic bottleneck and Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes imprinted the phylobiogeography of European Black Pine populations

Krassimir D. Naydenov*, Michel K. Naydenov, Alexander Alexandrov, Kole Vasilevski, Georgi Hinkov, Vlado Matevski, Biljana Nikolic, Venceslas Goudiaby, Dave Riegert, Despina Paitaridou, Andreas Christou, Irina Goia, Christopher Carcaillet, Adrian Escudero Alcantara, Cengiz Ture, Suleyman Gulcu, Veselka Gyuleva, Srdjan Bojovic, Lorenzo Peruzzi, Salim KamaryAnatoly Tsarev, Faruk Bogunic

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The historical changes in European Black Pine population size across the whole natural distribution in Europe and Asia Minor were analyzed facing the Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Thirteen chloroplast SSRs and SNPs markers have been studied under the assumptions of “neutral evolution.” Populations and meta-populations had different histories of migration routes, and they were strongly affected by complex patterns of isolation, fragmentation, speciation, expansion (1.88–4.28 Ma), purification selection (2.09–21.41 Ma) and bottleneck (1.85–21.76 Ma). A significant number of populations (min. 29–41%) were in equilibrium for very long periods. Generally, the bottleneck revealed by chloroplast DNA is weaker than the bottleneck revealed by nuclear DNA. The Ne immediately after the bottleneck reaches between 1820 and 3640 individuals. Generally, the historical effective population sizes shrink significantly for the Tertiary period from 10–15 up to 2.5 Ma in Western Europe (by 82%), followed by Asia Minor (69%) and the Balkan Peninsula (28%), likely resulting from important climatic changes. The rates and frequencies of stepwise westwards migration waves have been not sufficient to prevent isolation between the meta-populations and to suppress “sympatric speciation.” The migration was weak for the Pliocene, but was maximal for the Pleistocene, and finally silent for the present interglacial period, namely the Holocene.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)767-786
Number of pages20
JournalEuropean Journal of Forest Research
Volume136
Issue number5-6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2017

Keywords

  • Bottleneck
  • cpDNA
  • Equilibrium
  • Expansion
  • Historical effective population size
  • Migration
  • Pinus nigra
  • Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations

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