@inproceedings{c9fd345f9f9d4b8189f4361ba0bcbe9e,
title = "Air-assisted spraying in winter wheat: Results of deposition measurements and the biological effect of fungicides against leaf and ear diseases.",
abstract = "During three growing seasons the use of air assistance was compared with conventional spraying at two volume levels. The biological effects were determined in a randomized field test with spray concentrations of the active ingredient varying from 0 to 100 % of the dose advised, and volume rates of 100 l ha-1 and 200 l ha-1. Deposition was measured at the time of spraying of the winter wheat crop. The total deposition and deposition pattern on the crop was established by washing paper strips and winter wheat leaves from different heights in the crop, using the dye Brilliant Sulfo Flavine (BSF). Biological effects of the sprayings were investigated by quantifying the percentage of the leaf area covered with brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and leaf spot (Septoria tritici) on the three toplevel leaves. The use of air assistance resulted in a different distribution of the spray in the crop, and a higher emission to the soil surface beneath the crop. Significant differences were found in the biological efficacy between volume rates and dosage. A sprayed volume of 200 l ha-1 sometimes resulted in better disease control than 100 l ha-1. Air-assistance was not significantly better. Full dosage and 75% dosage of active ingredient resulted in better disease control than 50 % dosage.",
author = "{van de Zande}, J.C. and R. Meier and {van IJzendoorn}, M.T.",
year = "1994",
month = nov,
language = "English",
series = "Pests and Diseases - 1994",
publisher = "British Crop Protection Council",
pages = "313--318",
booktitle = "Proceedings of an international conference organised by The BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL held at the Brighton Centre and the Brighton Metropole Hotel, Brighton, England",
note = "Brighton crop protection conference : Pests and diseases ; Conference date: 21-11-1994 Through 24-11-1994",
}