Age-related distribution and dynamics of T-cells in blood and lymphoid tissues of goats

Neonatal mammals have increased disease susceptibility and sub-optimal vaccine responses. This raises problems in both humans and farm animals. The high prevalence of paratuberculosis in goats and the lack of an effective vaccine against it have a strong impact on the dairy sector, and calls for vaccines optimized for the neonatal immune system. We characterized the composition of the T-cell pool in neonatal kids and adult goats and quantified their turnover rates using in vivo deuterium labelling. From birth to adulthood, CD4⁺ T-cells were the predominant subset in the thymus and lymph nodes, while spleen and bone marrow contained mainly CD8⁺ lymphocytes. In blood, CD4⁺ T-cells were the predominant subset during the neonatal period, while CD8⁺ T-cells predominated in adults. We observed that thymic mass and cellularity increased during the first 5 months after birth, but decreased later in life. Deuterium labelling revealed that T-cell turnover rates in neonatal kids are considerably higher than in adult animals.