Advances in soilless culture of ornamentals

In the production of cut flowers and pot plants there are slow developments towards closed growing systems with recirculation of the surplus nutrient solution. In some countries, such as in the Netherlands, legislation to reduce discharges is a steering factor, as well as the advantages of a disease-free start, higher potential production and quality. Crops such as rose and gerbera with less than 10 plants per m2 are now grown in completely closed growing systems and are on their way towards zero liquid discharge. Crops such as freesia, amaryllis and chrysanthemum, are still experimenting with soil-less culture systems. Phalaenopsis is the most important pot plant grown in the Netherlands and is on the way towards a closed growing system. This chapter discusses the progress made, key challenges and how they are being overcome.