TY - JOUR
T1 - A Tiered Approach for Assessing Individual and Combined Risk of Pyrethroids Using Human Biomonitoring Data
AU - Tarazona, Jose V.
AU - Cattaneo, Irene
AU - Niemann, Lars
AU - Pedraza-Diaz, Susana
AU - González-Caballero, Maria Carmen
AU - de Alba-Gonzalez, Mercedes
AU - Cañas, Ana
AU - Dominguez-Morueco, Noelia
AU - Esteban-López, Marta
AU - Castaño, Argelia
AU - Borges, Teresa
AU - Katsonouri, Andromachi
AU - Makris, Konstantinos C.
AU - Ottenbros, Ilse
AU - Mol, Hans
AU - De Decker, Annelies
AU - Morrens, Bert
AU - Berman, Tamar
AU - Barnett-Itzhaki, Zohar
AU - Probst-Hensch, Nicole
AU - Fuhrimann, Samuel
AU - Tratnik, Janja Snoj
AU - Horvat, Milena
AU - Rambaud, Loic
AU - Riou, Margaux
AU - Schoeters, Greet
AU - Govarts, Eva
AU - Kolossa-Gehring, Marike
AU - Weber, Till
AU - Apel, Petra
AU - Namorado, Sonia
AU - Santonen, Tiina
PY - 2022/8/4
Y1 - 2022/8/4
N2 - Pyrethroids are a major insecticide class, suitable for biomonitoring in humans. Due to similarities in structure and metabolic pathways, urinary metabolites are common to various active substances. A tiered approach is proposed for risk assessment. Tier I was a conservative screening for overall pyrethroid exposure, based on phenoxybenzoic acid metabolites. Subsequently, probabilistic approaches and more specific metabolites were used for refining the risk estimates. Exposure was based on 95th percentiles from HBM4EU aligned studies (2014–2021) covering children in Belgium, Cyprus, France, Israel, Slovenia, and The Netherlands and adults in France, Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. In all children populations, the 95th percentiles for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) exceeded the screening value. The probabilistic refinement quantified the risk level of the most exposed population (Belgium) at 2% or between 1–0.1% depending on the assumptions. In the substance specific assessments, the 95th percentiles of urinary concentrations in the aligned studies were well below the respective human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). Both information sets were combined for refining the combined risk. Overall, the HBM data suggest a low health concern, at population level, related to pyrethroid exposure for the populations covered by the studies, even though a potential risk for highly exposed children cannot be completely excluded. The proposed tiered approach, including a screening step and several refinement options, seems to be a promising tool of scientific and regulatory value in future.
AB - Pyrethroids are a major insecticide class, suitable for biomonitoring in humans. Due to similarities in structure and metabolic pathways, urinary metabolites are common to various active substances. A tiered approach is proposed for risk assessment. Tier I was a conservative screening for overall pyrethroid exposure, based on phenoxybenzoic acid metabolites. Subsequently, probabilistic approaches and more specific metabolites were used for refining the risk estimates. Exposure was based on 95th percentiles from HBM4EU aligned studies (2014–2021) covering children in Belgium, Cyprus, France, Israel, Slovenia, and The Netherlands and adults in France, Germany, Israel, and Switzerland. In all children populations, the 95th percentiles for 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) exceeded the screening value. The probabilistic refinement quantified the risk level of the most exposed population (Belgium) at 2% or between 1–0.1% depending on the assumptions. In the substance specific assessments, the 95th percentiles of urinary concentrations in the aligned studies were well below the respective human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). Both information sets were combined for refining the combined risk. Overall, the HBM data suggest a low health concern, at population level, related to pyrethroid exposure for the populations covered by the studies, even though a potential risk for highly exposed children cannot be completely excluded. The proposed tiered approach, including a screening step and several refinement options, seems to be a promising tool of scientific and regulatory value in future.
KW - biocides
KW - combined pyrethroid risk assessment
KW - guidance values
KW - HBM4EU
KW - human biomonitoring
KW - pesticides
KW - pyrethroids
KW - screening assessment
KW - tiered approach
KW - veterinary drugs
U2 - 10.3390/toxics10080451
DO - 10.3390/toxics10080451
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85137320961
SN - 2305-6304
VL - 10
JO - Toxics
JF - Toxics
IS - 8
M1 - 451
ER -