TY - JOUR
T1 - A high-fat meal significantly impacts the bioavailability and biphasic absorption of cannabidiol (CBD) from a CBD-rich extract in men and women
AU - Saals, Bo Anne Daniëlla Frederique
AU - de Bie, Tessa Helena
AU - Osmanoglou, Eral
AU - van de Laar, Ties
AU - Tuin, Adriaan Willem
AU - van Orten-Luiten, Anne Claire Benedikte
AU - Witkamp, Renger Frederik
PY - 2025/1/29
Y1 - 2025/1/29
N2 - Cannabidiol (CBD), a specialized metabolite (phytocannabinoid) abundant in Cannabis sativa, is attracting increasing attention for its alleged health-promoting properties. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of CBD and its primary metabolite, 7‐hydroxy‐cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), following a single oral dose of a CBD-rich Cannabis sativa extract, equivalent to 70 mg CBD, in healthy male (n=5) and female (n=6) participants. Using a randomized crossover design, the study evaluated the impact of a standardized high-fat meal compared to fasting on the oral bioavailability of CBD. Consumption of a high-fat meal significantly increases the bioavailability of CBD. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) of CBD Cmax was 17.4 (90% CI 12.4–24.2 and of the AUC 9.7 (90% CI 7.7–12.3), demonstrating a substantial increase in peak concentration and total CBD exposure under fed conditions. A notable double peak phenomenon was observed after meal consumption, with a less pronounced effect in the fasted state. This contributes to sustained high plasma concentrations and may be (partially) attributed to lymphatic transport, enterohepatic recirculation, and/or a secondary meal effect. This trial was registered on October 19, 2020, with ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04589455. The registration title is: Determination of Pharmacokinetics and Food-effect of CBD from a Hemp Extract in Healthy Human Volunteers.
AB - Cannabidiol (CBD), a specialized metabolite (phytocannabinoid) abundant in Cannabis sativa, is attracting increasing attention for its alleged health-promoting properties. The present study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of CBD and its primary metabolite, 7‐hydroxy‐cannabidiol (7-OH-CBD), following a single oral dose of a CBD-rich Cannabis sativa extract, equivalent to 70 mg CBD, in healthy male (n=5) and female (n=6) participants. Using a randomized crossover design, the study evaluated the impact of a standardized high-fat meal compared to fasting on the oral bioavailability of CBD. Consumption of a high-fat meal significantly increases the bioavailability of CBD. The geometric mean ratio (GMR) of CBD Cmax was 17.4 (90% CI 12.4–24.2 and of the AUC 9.7 (90% CI 7.7–12.3), demonstrating a substantial increase in peak concentration and total CBD exposure under fed conditions. A notable double peak phenomenon was observed after meal consumption, with a less pronounced effect in the fasted state. This contributes to sustained high plasma concentrations and may be (partially) attributed to lymphatic transport, enterohepatic recirculation, and/or a secondary meal effect. This trial was registered on October 19, 2020, with ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04589455. The registration title is: Determination of Pharmacokinetics and Food-effect of CBD from a Hemp Extract in Healthy Human Volunteers.
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-025-87621-4
DO - 10.1038/s41598-025-87621-4
M3 - Article
C2 - 39880884
AN - SCOPUS:85217357800
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 15
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
M1 - 3678
ER -
