This research aims to contribute to the discussion on sustainable rural development in Russia. Through a careful multidimensional investigation of rural well-being, we gathered empirical evidence on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainable rural development in the country. Using the Stavropol Territory as a case study, we emphasize via empirical evidence how rural development, well-being, and intra-country migration are interrelated and crucial for achieving a structural transformation in the country. Due to the diversity of its agricultural production, pedoclimatic conditions and economic contexts, the Stavropol Territory is an excellent case study. Therefore, the empirical collected evidence can be more easily generalized to other rural areas in similar conditions across Russia.