Multi-model Assessment of Nature-based Solutions

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) are increasingly recognized within scientific discourse as a viable strategy for addressing complex societal challenges like climate change, while concurrently fostering biodiversity conservation. These solutions, typified by interventions such as the rehabilitation of coastal mangrove ecosystems, manifest multifaceted benefits across critical environmental domains including atmospheric quality, hydrological cycles, and ecological resilience. However, prevailing methodologies for assessing NBS efficacy are characterized by a compartmentalized approach, relying on discrete modeling frameworks tailored to individual environmental components. This methodological fragmentation poses a barrier to achieving a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects and overall effectiveness of NBS initiatives. Consequently, there exists a pronounced scientific imperative for the development and implementation of an integrated assessment framework capable of capturing the interconnected and cumulative impacts of NBS across diverse environmental spheres. Therefore, this research aims to bridge this gap by developing a framework that integrates multiple models, allowing for a comprehensive quantification of NBS benefits across the Atmosphere (air), Hydrosphere (water), and Ecosphere (ecosystems). This integrated framework will facilitate a more nuanced and holistic evaluation of NBS interventions, enabling stakeholders to discern the full spectrum of ecological and societal benefits conferred by these innovative solutions. Through rigorous empirical analysis and modeling, this research endeavor seeks to advance our understanding of the complex interactions between NBS and environmental systems, thereby informing evidence-based decision-making and policy formulation aimed at maximizing the resilience and sustainability of human-nature interactions in the face of ongoing environmental change.