Incidence, causes and prevention of bruises and dark, firm and dry (DFD) meat in Chilean beef cattle at slaughter, and its implication for animal welfare

Agriculture & Biology

1. contusions 100%
2. slaughter 62%
3. cattle 41%
4. slaughterhouses 23%
5. animals 14%
6. markets 11%
7. livestock 9%
8. farms 7%
9. beef carcasses 7%
10. oxen 7%
11. carcass quality 6%
12. heifers 5%