Evaluate and improve the atmospheric modelling Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service

Understanding convective transport of atmospheric tracers like CO2 is crucial for assessing their climate impact across regions and timescales. Despite advances in our understanding of boundary layer dynamics, cloud formation and the carbon balance, an integrated view of CO2transport from canopy to upper troposphere, and the role of clouds therein, is still lacking. Both shallow and deeper clouds can organise CO2 transport between the boundary layer and troposphere. To fully understand these processes, we propose to systematically examine, quantify, and improve the model representations of CO2 transport under clear-to-cloudy conditions, using detailed observations and simulations across various vegetated surfaces.