Impact gut bacteria on infection and transmission of pathogenic arboviruses by biting midges and mosquitoes

Tripartite interactions among insect vectors, midgut bacteria, and viruses, may</p><p>determine the ability of insects to transmit pathogenic arboviruses. Here, we</p><p>investigated the impact of gut bacteria on the susceptibility of Culicoides nubeculosus</p><p>and C. sonorensis biting midges for Schmallenberg virus, and of Aedes aegypti</p><p>mosquitoes for Zika and chikungunya virus. Gut bacteria were manipulated by treating</p><p>the adult insects with antibiotics.