Since we reasoned that RiNLE1 exerts its functions inside host nuclei, we explored the influence of RiNLE1 on plant gene expression. Therefore, we applied a dexamethasone (DEX) inducible promoter system (Borghi, 2010) to induce RiNLE1 expression (lacking signal peptide) in Medicago roots. As a control we replaced the RiNLE1 coding sequence by a short nonsense sequence. Overall design: RiNLE1 overexpression roots compared to EV toots